Transformasi Pemeriksaan Perkara Pidana Melalui Restorative Justice di Tingkat Pengadilan Negeri

Abstract

Not always is the resolution of criminal acts through formal legal processes beneficial for those seeking justice; in many cases, the community prefers the resolution of criminal acts outside the judicial system. Due to the ongoing belief that if criminal acts are pursued through the judicial system, it is considered unbalanced and does not reflect a sense of justice for the community, particularly in terms of examination at the district court level. To address this issue, the resolution of criminal cases must adopt a different approach, one of which is through a restorative justice approach that protects the perpetrators, victims, and other parties involved directly or indirectly with the crime. Previously, the guidelines for resolving cases in court through restorative justice were based on the Decree of the Director General of General Courts Number 1691/DJU/SK/PS.00/12/2020. Currently, the guidelines for judges during court proceedings in resolving cases through a restorative justice approach are based on the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2024 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Criminal Cases Based on Restorative Justice. In the examination through restorative justice, the effort for reconciliation between the parties involved in the case is an element that must be implemented. That is why researchers are interested in examining how the transformation of criminal case examinations occurs through restorative justice in the district court. From the research findings, it is known that the regulation of case resolution in the district court uses Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Criminal Cases Based on Restorative Justice. Moving forward, there is a need to optimize the role of judges during court proceedings in playing a crucial role in achieving peace among the perpetrators, victims, and the community or those affected by a criminal act.

Abstrak

Tidak selalu penyelesaian tindak pidana melalui proses hukum formal menguntungkan bagi mereka yang mencari keadilan, dalam banyak kasus, masyarakat lebih menginginkan penyelesaian tindak pidana di luar sistem peradilan. Dikarenakan masih ada anggapan bahwa jika tindak pidana dilanjutkan melalui sistem peradilan, dianggap tidak seimbang dan tidak mencerminkan rasa keadilan bagi masyarakat dalam hal ini pemeriksaan di tingkat pengadilan negeri. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penyelesaian kasus pidana harus menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeda salah satunya yakni melalui pendekatan restorative justice, yang melindungi pelaku, korban, dan pihak lain yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung dengan tindak pidana. Sebelumnya pedoman penyelesaian perkara di pengadilan melalui restorative justice berdasarkan Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Peradilan Umum Nomor 1691/DJU/SK/PS.00/12/2020,saat ini yang menjadi pedoman hakim pada pemeriksaan di pengadilan dalam menyelesaiakan perkara melalui pendekatan restorative justice berdasarkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restorative. Dalam pemeriksaan melalui restorative justice, upaya perdamaian antara para pihak yang berperkara merupakan elemen yang harus diterapkan. Untuk itulah peneliti tertarik dan ingin melihat bagaimana transformasi pemeriksaan perkara pidana melalui restorative justice di pengadilan negeri. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pengaturan penyelesaian perkara di pengadilan negeri menggunakan Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restorative, kedepannya perlu optimalisasi peran hakim pada pemeriksaan di pengadilan dalam memainkan peran penting dalam mencapai perdamaian antara pelaku, korban dan masyarakat atau mereka yang terdampak dari suatu tindak pidana.