Determinan yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Malaria di Indonesia Tahun 2016

Authors

  • Ummi Kalsum Dosen Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Jambi
  • Diah Restu Pertiwi Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Jambi
  • Adelina Livia Veronica Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Jambi
  • Aprina Wulandari Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Jambi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/jkmj.v2i1.6545

Abstract

Malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi penyebab kematian global. Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) secara nasional 2,9 %. Annual Parasite Incidence (API) tahun 2007 hingga 2009 sangat tinggi, masing-masing sebesar 32‰,28‰,31‰, sedangkan rata-rata API Nasional (<5‰). Banyak faktor yang berkorelasi dengan kejadian Malaria, diantaranya sosial ekonomi dan kesehatan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi determinan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Jenis penelitian adalah studi ekologi. Populasi dan unit analisis adalah semua Provinsi yang ada di Indonesia tahun 2016 sebanyak 34 Provinsi, menggunakan sumber data Profil Kesehatan Indonesia dan Laporan Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2016. Analisis univariate dilakukan terhadap distribusi faktor risiko Malaria dan Analisis bivariate dengan korelasi spearman pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, juga dilakukan analisis trend kejadian Malaria (API) selama sepuluh tahun di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian diketahui ada hubungan proporsi penduduk ber-pendidikan rendah (r=0,42), penduduk miskin (r=0,47), rumah tangga kumuh (r=0,57), proporsi desa ber-sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (r=-0,41) dan proporsi akses sanitasi layak (r=-42) dengan kejadian Malaria. Tidak ada korelasi antara luas lahan kebun sawit, jumlah perusahaan tambang dan jumlah petani karet dengan kejadian Malaria. Diperlukan upaya-upaya peningkatan ekonomi kerakyatan agar sosial ekonomi masyarakat meningkat serta edukasi tentang sanitasi dan kesehatan lingkungan untuk menekan kejadian malaria.

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Published

2018-03-30 — Updated on 2018-03-30

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Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): Vol. 2 - No. 1 - Maret 2018

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