Analisis Makna Referensial dan Nonreferensial dalam Umpasa Batak Toba
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/kalistra.v1i3.23277Keywords:
analisis, makna, Referensial, nonreferensial, umpasaAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna referensial dan nonreferensial dalam umpasa Batak Toba yang terdapat dalam upacara-upacara Batak Toba yaitu dalam upacara pernikahan, kelahiran, kematian, memasuki rumah dan baptisan kudus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata dalam umpasa Batak Toba yang mengandung makna referensial dan nonreferensial. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik pilah unsur penentu, wawancara, dan teknik rekam. Hasil penelitian ditemukan makna referensial dan nonreferensial sebanyak 44 umpasa. Dari 44 data umpasa ditemukan 14 data bermaknakan referensial. Referensial ialah makna yang berhubungan langsung dengan acuan yang ditunjuk oleh kata. Referen ataupun acuan boleh saja berupa benda, gejala, peristiwa, proses, sifat ataupun kenyataan. Adapun makna referensial yang mengacu pada benda terdapat 13 data, makna referensial yang mengacu pada sifat berjumlah 1 data. Adapun makna nonreferensial dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 8 data. Dikatakan makna nonreferensial jika kata-kata tidak memiliki acuan/referen dan kata tugas merupakan makna nonreferensial yakni seperti pada kata tugas preposisi dan konjungsi serta relative marker (penanda relatif). Dari 8 data makna nonreferensial ditemukan penghubung koordinatif pertentangan berjumlah 1. Makna referensial pada penghubung koordinatif penggabungan 3. Makna nonreferensial pada penghubung koordinatif pemilihan berjumlah 1. Makna nonreferensial pada penghubung subordinatif penyebab berjumlah 1. Makna nonreferensial pada penghubung subordinatif syarat berjumlah 1. Makna nonreferensial relative marker berjumlah 1. Adapun makna referensial dan nonreferensial ditemukan 22 data yakni makana referensial dengan preposisi ke- ada 2 data. Makna referensial dengan preposisi di- ada 1 data. Makna referensial dengan konjungsi koordinatif penggabungan ada 10 data. Makna referensial dengan konjungsi koordinatif pertentangan ada 1 data. Makna referensial dengan dengan konjungsi subordinatif tujuan ada 2 data. Makna referensial dengan relative marker (penanda relatif) ada 6 data. Jadi, dalam umpasa Batak Toba sering menggunakan makna referensial dengan konjungsi koordinatif penggabungan.
Abstract
This study aims to describe the referential and nonreferential meanings in the Batak Toba umpasa contained in the Batak Toba ceremonies, namely in the ceremonies of marriage, birth, death, entering the house and holy baptism. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. The data in this study is in the form of words in umpasa Batak Toba which contain referential and nonreferential meanings. The techniques used in this study are the determinant element sorting technique, interviews, and recording techniques. The results of the study found referential and nonreferential meanings of 44 umpasa. Of the 44 data, 14 data were found to be referential. Referential is a meaning that is directly related to the reference designated by the word. References or references may be objects, symptoms, events, processes, properties, or realities. As for the referential meaning that refers to objects, there are 13 data, the referential meaning that refers to the nature of 1 data. As for the nonreferential meaning in this study, 8 data were found. It says a nonreferential meaning if the words do not have a reference / referent and the word task is a nonreferential meaning that is as in the word task preposition and conjunction and relative marker (relative marker). From 8 nonreferential meaning data found coordinate links of opposition totaling 1. Referential meanings on the coordinate link of merging 3. The nonreferential meanings on the coordinate link of the election amount to 1. The nonreferential meanings on the subordinative link of the cause amount to 1. The nonreferential meaning on the subordinate link of the condition amounts to 1. The nonreferential meaning of relative marker amounts to 1. The referential and nonreferential meanings found 22 data, namely referential feeds with the preposition to- there are 2 data. Referential meaning with prepositions in- there is 1 data. The referential meaning with the coordinate conjunction of the merger there are 10 data. Referential meaning with coordinate conjunction of the opposition there is 1 data. The referential meaning with the subordinative conjunction of the purpose there are 2 data. The referential meaning with relative marker (relative marker) there are 6 data. Thus, in umpasa Batak Toba often uses referential meanings with coordinate conjunctions of merging.
Downloads
References
Afria, R., & Warni. (2020). The Hermeneutic Study in Jambi Malay Phrases as a Local Genius Culture. Proceeding International Conference on Malay Identity, 1(1), 146-149. Retrieved from https://www.conference.unja.ac.id/ICMI/article/view/92
Bogdan, Robert, Steven Taylor. 1975. Introducing to Qualitative Methods:Phenomenological. New York: A wellu Interscience Publication.
Fani, T. (2017). Cerita Rakyat Banyubiru dalam Tradisi Lisan Desa Sumberrejo Kabupaten Pasuruan.
Ginting, H., & Ginting, A. (2022). Beberapa Teori dan Pendekatan Semantik. Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia dan Sastra (Pendistra), 2(2).
Harianto, N., Afria, R., & Izar, J. (2022). Polisemi dan Homonim dalam Kajian Semantik Bahasa Arab. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Humaniora, 2, 48-53. Retrieved from https://www.conference.unja.ac.id/SNH/article/view/188
Izar, J., & Afria, R. (2020). The Verbs Synonyms of Batubara Malay Language in North Sumatera Province. Proceeding International Conference on Malay Identity, 1, 91-96. Retrieved from https://www.conference.unja.ac.id/ICMI/article/view/93
Izar, J., Afria, R., Harianto, N., Soliha, M., & Warohmah, P. M. (2022). Personal Diexis in "Lebih Senyap dari Bisikan" Novel By Andina Dwifatma. Proceeding International Conference on Malay Identity, 3, 58-64. Retrieved from https://www.conference.unja.ac.id/ICMI/article/view/175
Moloeng, Lexy J. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT RemajaRosdakarya.
Nesi, A. (2018). Tradisi Lisan Takanab Sebagai Wujud Identitas Masyarakat Dawan: Kajian Ekolinguistik Metaforis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Darma University.
Pardosi, J. (2008). Makna Simbolik Umpasa, Sinamot, dan Ulos Pada Adat Perkawinan Batak Toba. Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra.
Rengki Afria, Ade Kusmana, & Supian. (2021). Eksistensi Kosakata Budaya Jambi Sebagai Pemertahanan Identitas Sosial. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Humaniora, 1, 153-157. Retrieved from https://www.conference.unja.ac.id/SNH/article/view/126
Siagian, E., Saiman, M. P., & Kamaruddin, M. S. (2016). Umpasa (Pantun) dalam Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Toba di Kecamatan Silima Pungga-pungga Dairi (Doctoral dissertation, Riau University).
Situmorang, S. H., Muda, I., Doli, M., & Fadli, F. S. (2010). Analisis data untuk riset manajemen dan bisnis. Usupress.
Tiopiolina, T., Tobing, E. K. N. L., Hanisa, H., & Barus, F. L. Analisis Makna Leksikal pada Falsafah Hidup Masyarakat Batak Toba di Kota Pangkalpinang. Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra), 6(2).
Warni, W., & Afria, R. (2019). Menelisik Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Melayu Jambi Berbasis Cerita Rakyat dalam Membangun Peradaban. Titian: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora, 3(2), 295-313. https://doi.org/10.22437/titian.v3i2.8222
Warni, W., Afria, R. (2020). Analisis Ungkapan Tradisional Melayu Jambi: Kajian Hermeneutik. Sosial Budaya, 17(2), 83-94, http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sb.v17i2.10585
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Roslina Mariana Butarbutar, Ernanda Ernanda, Julisah Izar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Kalistra: Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra agree to the following terms:
1. The copyright in each article belongs to the author.
2. The author acknowledges that Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra reserves the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY-SA 4.0).
3. Authors may submit articles separately, arranging for non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (e.g., delivery to the author's institutional repository, publication into a book, etc.), acknowledging that the manuscript has been first published in Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra.