Effects of Young Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.) Administration on the Splenic Histopathological Features of Adult Sprague–Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/esehad.v1i1.10764Keywords:
Areca catechu L, Betel nut, Toxicity, hematopoiesis extramedulleryAbstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Areca’s seed is an herbal beverage that are widely consumed as a betel nut. Areca’s seed contains arecoline. High doses of arecoline can damage many organ include spleen. There has been no further histopathological research of the effects with lower doses of betel nut on spleen.
Methods: Ten rats Sprague Dawley strain white rats, aged 2-3 months, with 150-200 of grams were divided into 2 groups, namely the control group given aquades and the treatment group given areca nut dose of 50mg/kgBB for 28 days by feeding tube. Histopathologi’s indicators with hematoxilin eosin staining were analyzed by light microscope with 40X for diameter white pulp, 100X for congestion, and 400X for hematopoiesis extrmedullery and necrosis. The assessment for hematopoiesis extramedullery and necrosis used 5 high power-field, congestion used 3 high power field, and changes of diameter whites pulp used 10 high power-field. The data were analyzed by T- Independent statistical test.
Results: Average congestion and hematopoiesis extramedullery of treatment group greater than control with p value <0,05. Average necrosis and changes of diameter white pulp of treatment group greater than control group, but there is no significant difference statistically (p value >0,05).
Conclusion: Areca’ seed doses 50 mg/KgWB that given for 28 days showed congestion and extra medullary hematopoiesis on rat’s spleen tissue.
References
1. Garg A, Chaturvedi P. A review of the systemic adverse effects of areca nut or betel nut. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 2014; 35: 3.2 https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.4103/0971-5851.133702.pdf
2. Rahman AO. Efek Pemberian Tunggal Pinang Muda Dosis Tinggi Pada Hepar Tikus. Jambi Medical Journal 2018; 6: 132–136.3 https://doi.org/10.22437/jmj.v6i2.5953
3. Amudhan MS, Begum VH, Hebbar K. A review On Phytochemical and Phamracological Potential of Arecacatechu L. seed. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2012; 3: 4151–4157. https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/a-review-on-phytochemical-and-pharmacological-potential-of-areca-catechu-l-seed/
4. Meiyanto E. Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanolik Biji BUah Pinang (Areca catechu L .) Terhadap Tikus Jantan Galur Sprague Dawley. Pusat Penelitian Kimia Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia 2010; : 1–9.
5. Adilijiang A, Guan T, He J, Hartle K, Wang W, Li X. The protective effects of areca catechu extract on cognition and social interaction deficits in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015; 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/426092
6. Sullivan RJ, Allen JS, Otto C, Tiobech J, Nero K. Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. British Journal of Psychiatry. Cambridge University Press. 2000; 177: 174–178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11026959/
7. Kamisorei R, Devy S. Gambaran Kepercayaan Tentang Khasiat Menyirih Pada Masyarakat Papua Di Kelurahan Ardipura I Distrik Jayapura Selatan Kota Jayapura. Jurnal Promkes 2017; 5: 232–244.
8. Redaksi. Jus Pinang Jambi, Diseruput Bikin Hati Senang! imccampus. 2018. https://campus.imcnews.id/read/jus-pinang-jambi-diseruput-bikin-hati-senang (accessed 28 Mar2019).
9. Barlina R. Peluang Pemanfaatan Buah Pinang Untuk Pangan Opportunity of Arecanut for Food Utilizing. Buletin Palma 2007; 33: 96–105. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V5.I2.2017.232-244
10. Rahman AO, Herlambang H, Simanjuntak CA, Dewi H, Syauqy A, Lipinwati L. The High Dose Toxicity Of Betel Nut (Areca Catechu L.) On Reproduction Organ Of Rats. JMJ [Internet]. 2019May1 [cited 2019Nov.17];7(1):41-9. Available from: https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/kedokteran/article/view/7059
11. Merdana IM, Berata IK, Sudimartini LM, Hidayati E, Samsuri S. Gambaran Histopatologi Limpa Tikus Putih yang Diberi Deksametason dan Vitamin E. Buletin Veteriner Udayana 2018; 1: 18. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/imv/article/view/17504/0
12. Hall JE. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (12e). 2011
13. Iqbal MP, Mehboobali N, Haider G, Pervez S, Azam I. Effects of betel nut on cardiovascular risk factors in a rat model. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2012; 12: 1–7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506470/
14. Wei X, Zhang J, Niu J, Zhou X, Li J, Li B. Evaluation of arecoline hydrobromide toxicity after a 14-day repeated oral administration in Wistar Rats. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120165
15. Lintong P, Kairupan C. Gambaran histologik jaringan limpa tikus putih. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm)- biomedik 2013; 1: 961–965.
16. Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah S, Iszamriach R, Nofariyandi A. Paparan Ultraviolet C Meningkatkan Diameter Pulpa Alba Limpa dan Indeks Mitotik Epidermis Kulit Mencit. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya 2017; 28: 17– https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/ebiomedik/article/view/3251
17. Makiyah S, Wardhani U. Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Citrullus lanatus sebagai Agen Imunosupresi melalui Pengamatan Histologi Limpa Mencit BALB / c Citrullus lanatus Ethanol Extract Potential as Immunosupressive Agent based on Spleen Histology Observation in BALB / c Mice. 2017; 49: 245–251.
18. Treuting PM, Dintzis SM. Comparative Anatomy and Histology: A Mouse and Human Atlas. 2012
19. Elmore SA. Enhanced Histopathology of the Spleen. Toxicologic Pathology 2006.
20. Baratawidjaja, Karnen Garna & Rengganis I. Imunologi tumor. In: Imunologi Dasar. 2009.
21. Nurhaini R, Rahmawati F, Sunyoto. Gambaran Histologik Limpa Tikus Betina Galur Sprague Dawley yang
22. Diberi Ekstrak Etanol Akar Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) dan diinduksi 7,12
23. Dimetibenz(a)antrasen. Cerata Journal of Pharmacy Science 2002; : 65–76.
