Pengaruh Kombinasi Cara Aplikasi dan Konsentrasi Ecoenzym terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max (L.))

The Effect of the Combination of Application Methods and Eco-enzyme Concentrations on the Growth and Yield of Soybean Plants (Glycine max (L.))

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important food crops in Indonesia and a major source of plant-based protein. However, its productivity remains relatively low, particularly on Ultisol soils, due to poor fertility and limited nutrient availability. Ecoenzyme has potential as a biostimulant and bioactivator by improving soil biological activity and enhancing nutrient uptake. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different combinations of ecoenzyme application methods and concentrations on soybean growth and yield and to determine the most effective treatment. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jambi, from December 2025 to February 2026 using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one factor consisting of five treatments: no ecoenzyme (0 mL L⁻¹), 10 mL L⁻¹ soil drenching, 20 mL L⁻¹ soil drenching, 7 mL L⁻¹ soil drenching combined with 3 mL L⁻¹ foliar spray, and 14 mL L⁻¹ soil drenching combined with 6 mL L⁻¹ foliar spray. Each treatment was replicated five times. Observed variables included plant height, flowering age, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, filled pods, empty pods, damaged seeds, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant, and yield per hectare. Ecoenzyme treatments significantly affected plant height, number of damaged seeds, and 100-seed weight but had no significant effect on flowering age, primary branches, pod number, filled and empty pods, seed yield per plant, or yield per hectare. Soil drenching with 20 mL L⁻¹ ecoenzyme produced the highest 100-seed weight (21.27 g) and yield (3.58 t ha⁻¹), indicating that this treatment is the most effective for improving soybean productivity on Ultisol soils.

Keywords: application method, concentration, ecoenzyme, growth and yield, soybean

ABSTRAK

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan strategis di Indonesia yang berperan sebagai sumber protein nabati. Produktivitas kedelai masih relatif rendah, terutama pada lahan Ultisol yang memiliki tingkat kesuburan rendah dan ketersediaan unsur hara terbatas. Ecoenzym berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai biostimulan dan bioaktivator yang mampu meningkatkan aktivitas biologis tanah serta efisiensi penyerapan unsur hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi cara aplikasi dan konsentrasi ecoenzym terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai serta memperoleh perlakuan yang paling efektif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching and Research Farm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi pada Desember 2025 hingga Februari 2026 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan satu faktor berupa kombinasi cara aplikasi dan konsentrasi ecoenzym yang terdiri atas lima taraf, yaitu tanpa ecoenzym (0 mL L⁻¹), 10 mL L⁻¹ dikocor, 20 mL L⁻¹ dikocor, 7 mL L⁻¹ dikocor + 3 mL L⁻¹ disemprot, dan 14 mL L⁻¹ dikocor + 6 mL L⁻¹ disemprot. Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, jumlah cabang primer, jumlah polong per tanaman, jumlah polong berisi, jumlah polong hampa, jumlah biji rusak, bobot 100 biji, hasil per tanaman, dan hasil per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi cara aplikasi dan konsentrasi ecoenzym berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah biji rusak, dan bobot 100 biji, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel lainnya. Perlakuan ecoenzyme 20 mL L⁻¹ melalui pengocoran memberikan respons terbaik dengan bobot 100 biji tertinggi sebesar 21,27 g dan hasil 3,58 ton ha⁻¹, sehingga direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kedelai pada lahan Ultisol.

Kata kunci: cara aplikasi, ecoenzym, kedelai, konsentrasi, pertumbuhan dan hasil