Analisis Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.) Akibat Pemberian Ekoenzim

Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Growth and Yield in Response to eco-enzyme Application

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a strategic food commodity in Indonesia; however, its productivity remains relatively low compared to the yield potential of superior varieties. One contributing factor is the efficiency of nutrient uptake by the plants. Eco-enzyme, a fermented organic waste product, has the potential to act as a bioactivator and biostimulant in supporting plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eco-enzyme application and determine the optimal application method for soybean growth and yield. The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, from October 2025 to January 2026, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single factor comprising five treatments: 0 mL L⁻¹ (P0), 10 mL L⁻¹ via soil drenching (P1), 20 mL L⁻¹ via soil drenching (P2), 7 mL L⁻¹ drenching + 3 mL L⁻¹ foliar spray (P3), and 14 mL L⁻¹ drenching + 6 mL L⁻¹ foliar spray (P4). Observed parameters included plant growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, harvest index, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, and yield per hectare. The results indicated that eco-enzyme application did not significantly affect growth parameters, harvest index, or the number of pods per plant. However, the eco-enzyme did influence 100-seed weight. The best treatment was the application of 20 mL L⁻¹ eco-enzyme via soil drenching (P2), which resulted in a 100-seed weight of 21.27 g.

Keywords: eco-enzyme, soybean, growth, yield, ultisol

ABSTRAK

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) merupakan komoditas pangan strategis di Indonesia, namun produktivitasnya masih relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan potensi hasil varietas unggul. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah efisiensi serapan hara oleh tanaman kedelai. Ekoenzim  merupakan produk fermentasi limbah organik yang berpotensi berperan sebagai bioaktivator dan biostimulan dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian ekoenzim  serta memperoleh paket aplikasi terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching and Research Farm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi pada Oktober 2025–Januari 2026 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu 0 mL L⁻¹  (P0), 10 mL L⁻¹ secara kocor (P1), 20 mL L⁻¹ secara kocor (P2), 7 mL L⁻¹ kocor + 3 mL L⁻¹ semprot (P3), dan 14 mL L⁻¹ kocor + 6 mL L⁻¹ semprot (P4). Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan tanaman, laju pertumbuhan relatif, indeks luas daun, laju asimilasi bersih, indeks panen, bobot 100 biji, jumlah polong per tanaman, dan hasil produksi per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekoenzim  tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pertumbuhan, indeks panen, dan jumlah polong per tanaman. Namun, ekoenzim  berpengaruh terhadap bobot 100 biji. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada pemberian ekoenzim  20 mL L⁻¹ secara kocor (P2) dengan bobot 100 biji 21,27 g.

Kata kunci: ekoenzim, kedelai, pertumbuhan, hasil, ultisol