Simbolisme Kematian dalam Antologi Puisi Berbahasa Jawa “Wirid Wulangruh” Karya Nyitno Munajat
The Symbolism of Death in the Javanese Poetry Anthology “Wirid Wulangruh” by Nyitno Munajat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/pena.v16i3.55472Keywords:
Javanese literature, thanatology religious, sufism, hermeneuticsAbstract
The study of research into death in Javanese literature is important because this theme does not merely represent the end of life. Death also fosters human spiritual, moral and cultural reflection. However, previous studies have tended to focus on religious and formal aesthetic aspects. The integration of religious thanatological, Sufi and Javanese cosmological perspectives in modern Javanese poetry has not yet been extensively examined. This study aims to uncover the symbolism of death in the poetry anthology Wirid Wulangruh by Nyitno Munajat. The research employs a descriptive-interpretative qualitative approach grounded in Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics. The research data consists of two poems on the theme of death, titled “Episode Barzah” and “Yasa Astana Pralaya”. These poems were analysed through the stages of distancing, interpretation, appropriation, and reference. The results of the study indicate that death is constructed as a constructor of meaning, a transitional boundary, transcendent continuity, and an eschatological reality. The symbols of death represent the deconstruction of worldly identity, a spiritual journey towards eternity, and human moral accountability before God. This study reinforces the notion that Javanese Sufi literature functions as a medium for philosophical and spiritual reflection on the nature of human existence.
References
Abdullah, R. (2023). MAKNA “CELANA” DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI “SELAMAT MENUNAIKAN IBADAH PUISI” KARYA JOKO PINURBO. MIMESIS, 4(1), 96-103. https://doi.org/10.12928/mms.v4i1.7204
Ahmad, M. (2017). PEMIKIRAN MURTADHA MUTHAHHARI TENTANG KEADILAN ILAHI. Al-Fikra Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman, 5(2), 292-292.https://doi.org/10.24014/af.v5i2.3778
Ahmadi, A. (2019). Metode Penelitian Sastra. Gresik: Graniti.
Ahmadi, A. (2023). A spiritual journey of an Indonesian woman: The evidence through literature from a psychospiritual perspective. Cogen Arts & Humanities, 10(1), 2270789. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2270789
Ahmadi, A., & Yulianto, B. (2019). Indonesian Literature and Traditional Knowledge: Interdisciplinary Perspective. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(4), 102-102.https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i4.950
Aini, I., & Hariyanto, H. (2020). Analytic Study in the “Sufi Comic Book 3” About the Concept of Self Purification in Islamic Education. Educan Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(1), 31-31. https://doi.org/10.21111/educan.v4i1.3990
Andrianta, D., Hutagalung, S., & Ferinia, R. (2020). Kontekstualisasi Ibadah Penghiburan Pada Tradisi Slametan Orang Meninggal Dalam Budaya Jawa. Visio Dei, 2(2), 244-264. https://doi.org/10.35909/visiodei.v2i2.163
Aziz, M. I., & Abdurrahman, D. (2022). Sufisme Jawa Dalam Serat Sastra Gending Sultan Agung Mataram. Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality, 7(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v7i1.1917
Badiella, C. M. (2020). Experiencing the limits: the cave as a transitional space. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, 29, 147-68.https://doi.org/10.30674/scripta.85214
Bayoumy, H. M. (2025). Crossing the Threshold by/around Water: A Critical Reading of the Liminal Experiences of Adolescents and Young Adults in Feeding the Moonfish and Our Place. Children's Literature in Education, 56(1), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/
Benmahidi, H., & Bessedik, F. Z. (2023). Of Wastelands and Ecopoetics. An Ecocritical Reading of TS Eliot’s Poetry. Academicus International Scientific Journal, 28, 200-218. https://dx.medra.org/10.7336/academicus.2023.28.12
Boulaouali, T. (2022). Biblical Eschatology and Qur’anic’Ākhirāh: A Comparative Approach of the Concepts Afterlife, Death and the Day of Judgement. Khazanah Theologia, 4(3), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.15575/kt.v4i3.19851
Brilyandio, F. (2021). Orang Jawa Menjaga Keharmonisan (Tinjauan Filsafat Moral Kant dalam Upacara Tradisional Nyadran). Forum, 50(1), 34-49. http://.doi.org/10.35312/forum.v50i1.322
Chaer, H., & Rasyad, A. (2019). Hermeneutika Al-Qur’an Suroh Al-Isro’ Ayat 1 Sebuah Tinjauan Kosmologi. PALAPA, 7(1), 66-98. http://.doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v7i1.182
Chaer, H., Sirulhaq, A., & Rasyad, A. (2020). ZIKIR HENING SUFI DALAM ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA. Syifa al-Qulub, 4(2), 49-60.http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/saq.v4i2.7308
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
Dainori, D. (2017). Pemikiran Tas? âwuf Al-H? allaj, Abû Yazid Al-Bust? âmi dan Ibnu Arâbi. Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman, 5(2), 133-155.. https://doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v5i2.119
Davies, D. J. (2020). Dividual identity in grief theories, palliative and bereavement care. Palliative Care and Social Practice, 14, 2632352420921867. https://doi.org/10.1177/2632352420921867
Davies D.J. 2005. A Brief History of Death. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Davies, D. J. (2008). The Theology of Death. London: T&T Clark.
Davies, D. J. (2017). Death, Ritual and Belief: The Rhetoric of Funerary Rites. London: Bloomsbury. https://doi.org/10.1080/713685891
Eagleton, T. (2006). How to Read a Poem. Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology. Diambil kembali dari http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA7859940X
Endraswara, S. (2022). Teori Sastra Terbaru Perspektif Transdisipliner. ENGGANG: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya, 3(1), 122-250. https://doi.org/10.37304/enggang.v3i1.4936
Erdi, P., & Tsuda, I. (2002). Hermeneutic approach to the brain: Process versus Device?. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum, 6(2), 307-321. https://doi.org/10.12775/ths.2002.035
Firdaus, M. A., & Sahib, R. (2021). Wahdat Al-Syuhud: Ahmad Sirhindi’s Criticism on The Concept of Wahdat Al-Wujud Ibn’Arabi. Millati: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities, 6(2), 209-224.https://doi.org/10.18326/mlt.v6i2.5962
Fuadhiyah, U., Yuwono, A., & Kurniani, P. (2019). Aspek Religius dalam Antologi Guritan Wirid Wulangruh Karya Nyitno Munajat Rserta Relevansinya sebagai Materi Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa di Sekolah. Prosiding Nasional, 19(5), 86-92.
Furia, P. (2022). Understanding and explanation. Paul Ricœur and human geography. Continental Philosophy Review, 55(2), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11007-021-09554-9
Hadi, A. (2015). TARIKAT SYEIKH MUHAMMAD ARSYAD AL-BANJARI: TELAAH ATAS KITAB KANZ AL-MA'RIFAH. Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 12(2), 91–116. https://doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v12i2.449
Al Hana, R., & Yusuf, M. (2021). Nilai-nilai sufistik tokoh wayang Semar dan implikasinya terhadap pendidikan Islam. POTENSIA: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 7(1), 52-72.http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v7i1.10343
Haryadi, R. N., Santoso, D. A. A., Pahrizan, P., Ilham, D., & Sunarsi, D. (2021). Strength and Weakness of Oxford English Textbook “Aim High 5” by Susan Iannuzzi and Paul Kelly Based on the 2013 Curriculum. Jurnal Studi Guru dan Pembelajaran, 4(3), 662-674. https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.4.3.2021.1461
Hussain, A. (2019). Sainthood Between the Ineffable and Social Practice: Jesus Christ in the Writings of Muhyi al-Din Ibn al-`Arabi and Later Sufism. Deep Blue (University of Michigan). Diambil kembali dari https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149902
Insani, N. H. (2019). Konstruksi Budaya Dakwah Emha Ainun Nadjib Dalam Acara Mocopat Syafaat Sebagai Medium Resistensi. Diksi, 27(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v27i2.24439
Isnaini, H. (2021). Konsep Memayu Hayuning Bawana: Analisis Hermeneutika pada Puisi-Puisi Sapardi Djoko Damono. LITERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia Dan Daerah, 11(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.23969/literasi.v11i1.2849
Iswaea, P. I., Sudewa, I. K., & Banda, M. M. (2024). Makna Kematian dalam Puisi Misa Arwah Karya Dea Anugrah. ULIL ALBAB: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 3(12), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.56799/jim.v3i12.5884
Janesick, V. J. (2007). Peer debriefing. The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosp014.pub2
Karim, A. (2017). Makna ritual kematian dalam tradisi Islam Jawa. Sabda: Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan, 12(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.14710/sabda.12.2.161-171
Kurniawati, F., & Annabil, M. N. (2021). Alegori Kematian Dalam Puisi Janāzah Imra’Ah Karya Adūnīs: Kajian Strukturalisme Genetik. HUMANIKA, 28(2), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v28i2.40197
Kurzweil, E. (1983). Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy and Critique. New Vico Studies, 1, 113-115. https://doi.org/10.5840/newvico1983131
Lehnardt, P. S. (2014). Ha-Sur Tamim be-khol Po'al: On some Italian roots of the Poetic Sidduq Ha-Din in the Early Ashkenazi rite. In Death in Jewish Life: Burial and Mourning Customs Among Jews of Europe and Nearby Communities (pp. 99-140). de Gruyter.
Malilang, C. S. (2017). Drawing Maps for Research in Creative Writing through A/r/tography. Journal of Urban Society's Arts, 4(2), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v4i2.2158
Masson, S. (2018). No traveller returns: the liminal world as ordeal and quest in contemporary young adult afterlife fiction. Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature, 26(1), 60-81. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.132877422858811
Maulana, I. (2021). Makna Teologis Dangding Kinanti Ngahurun Balung Karya Haji Hasan Mustapa: Analisis Hermeneutika Paul Ricoeur. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin, 1(3), 129-146. http://doi.org/10.15575/jpiu.12202
Mıcık, K. (2022). Tasavvuf'ta Fenâ ve Bekâ. Mutalaa, 2(2), 184-195.
Mills, R. M. (2013). Post-World War II Elegy and the Geographic Imagination. University of Exeter (United Kingdom).
Mirzarakhimov, B. (2025). The Essence of the Concept of Wahdat Al-Wujud in Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi's Sufism: An Analysis Based on the “Risalat Al-Wujudiyya”. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 15(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.151.06
Munajat, N. (2018). Wirid Wulangruh. Surabaya: Sahabat Mandiri.
Murillo, E. (2019). Existential poetics in 19th century Latin America. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 45(1), 115-132.
Nasir, M. A. (2019). Revisiting the Javanese Muslim Slametan: Islam, local tradition, honor and symbolic communication. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 57(2), 329-358. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2019.572.329-358
Neimeyer, R. A. (2016). Meaning reconstruction in the wake of loss: Evolution of a research program. Behaviour Change, 33(2), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2016.4
Nisa, Y. M. A. F., & Anis, M. Y. (2023). Translation of Registers on the Friday Sermon at Nabawi Mosque. An Nabighoh, 25(2), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v25i2.7169
Noviati, E. (2018). Eksistensi nilai-nilai Tembang Macapat di kalangan anak muda sebagai filter pengaruh alkuturasi. Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni, 13(1), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v13i1.2505
Nurkholis, A., & Haqq, M. V. (2023). The Fana’Concept of Abu Yazid al-Busthomi and Imam Junaid al-Baghdadi (Comparative Study). Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin, 3(1), 150-70. http://doi.org/10.15575/jpiu.v3i1.17558
Nursida, I. (2017). Menakar Hermeneutika Dalam Kajian Sastra. Al Qalam, 34(1), 81-108. https://doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v34i1.1833
Pabubung, M. R. (2020). Memaknai Hidup di Depan Kematian Dalam Refleksi Komparatif Heidegger dan Rahner. Bahasa dan Sastra, 7(2), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.24071/jt.v11i01.4391
Panuntun, D. F., Salewa, W., Dase, A. B., & Bembe, F. (2023). The sleeping soul doctrine of metaphysical anthropology in the Javanese death tradition. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 79(2), 8370.https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-hervorm_v79_n2_a8370
Phan, H. P., Ngu, B. H., Chen, S. C., & Hsu, C. S. (2025). How cultural beliefs and rituals may help alleviate grief and despair: a four-dimensional framework. Frontiers in Sociology, 10, 1620016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1620016
Pradipta, N. (2019). Belas Kasih Allah Dalam Kematian Kristiani Menurut Karl Rahner. Jurnal Teologi, 8(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.24071/jt.v8i1.1588
Pradoko, S. (2019). Positive paradigm as the barrier of art creativity interpretation. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 19(2), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v19i2.20667
Purwadi, P., Ekowati, V. I., Meilawati, A., Hartanto, D. D., Wulan, S. H., Prastowo, G., ... & Nurhidayati, N. (2022). Character education and philosophical values in Ranggawarsita’s works. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(3), 848-862. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i3.48760
Rachma, W. (2021). ANALISIS PENDEKATAN SEMIOTIKA DALAM PUISI-PUISI JOKO PINURBO DENGAN TEMA “KEMATIAN”. Lingua Franca Jurnal Bahasa Sastra dan Pengajarannya, 5(2), 113-113. https://doi.org/10.30651/lf.v5i2.8873
Rachwał, T. (2017). Spectres of Paper: Writing, Digitization, and the End (s) of the Book. AVANT. Pismo Awangardy Filozoficzno-Naukowej, (2), 31-38. https://doi.org/ 10.26913/80202017.0112.0002
Rahayu, T. P., Atikurrahman, M., & Alfin, J. (2024). Eksistensi Kematian Sebagai Akhir: Thanatos dan Eros dalam Ziarah Karya Iwan Simatupang (Perspektif Psikoanalisis Freudian). MIMESIS, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12928/mms.v5i1.7799
Rahmawati, M.I., Rais, W.A. & Wibowo, P.A.W., 2022, ‘Sêrat Bayanullah: A study of Raden Panji Natarata’s thoughts on Javanese Sufism through classical Javanese literature’, HTS Teologiese Studies/ Theological Studies 78(4),a7239.https://doi.org/ 10.4102/hts.v78i4.7239
Ribeiro, J. (2008). A Compreensão Na Hermenêutica Ricœuriana. Phainomenon, 15(1), 125-160.https://doi.org/10.2478/phainomenon-2008-0008
Ricoeur, P. (1981). Hermeneutics and the human sciences: Essays on language, action and interpretation. Cambridge university press.
Ricoeur-Nicolaï, N., Deckard, M., Thiriez-Arjangi, A., Sacks, W., Alanson, W., Taylor, C., & Ricoeur. (2022). Le mal et la symbolique. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110735550
Rizka, R. S., Putri, R. Y., Alfarezi, R. A., & Saputra, R. W. D. (2023). Tazkiyatun Nafs Terminology: Buya Hamka's View. Journal of Research in Islamic Education, 5(2), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.25217/jrie.v5i2.4153
Rohim, L. H. (2023). Existential-Philosophical Symbols and Meanings in the Sufistic Roman “Ghurbah Al-Gharbiyah” Suhrawardī. Kanz Philosophia A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.20871/kpjipm.v9i2.282
Rohmani, A. F. ., & Hidayat, S. (2024). Pro dan Kontra Penafsiran Hukum Islam Terhadap Tradisi Peringatan Ritual Kematian Masyarakat Jawa. Indonesian Culture and Religion Issues, 1(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.47134/diksima.v1i1.5
Seach, J. B., Termizi, A. A., Talif, R., & Zainal, Z. I. (2020). Negotiating Existential Concerns of Death and Meaninglessness through the Grotesque in Oscar Wilde’s The Canterville Ghost. 3L, Language, Linguistics, Literature, 26(4). http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2020-2604-09
Septia, E., Marni, S., & Armet, A. (2019). Representasi Nilai Religi dan Kepengarangan Puisi-Puisi Karya Taufik Ismail. Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra, 7(1), 32-50. https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v7i1.43493
Setiawan, A. D., & Kurniawan, A. Z. (2018). “Urip Mung Mampir Ngombe”: Makna Peziarahan Hidup dalam Pemikiran Jawa dan Kristiani. Perspektif, 13(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.69621/jpf.v13i1.103
Setiawan, K. E. P. (2018). Nilai Religi Pada Puisi Ziaroh 1. Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 3(2), 131-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v3i2.1722
Setiawan, K., Wahyuningsih, W., & Kasimbara, D. (2021). MAKNA SIMBOL-SIMBOL DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI MATA AIR DI KARANG RINDU KARYA TJAHJONO WIDARMANTO. Tabasa Jurnal Bahasa Sastra Indonesia dan Pengajarannya, 2(2), 39-64. https://doi.org/10.22515/tabasa.v2i2.3943
Sujarwoko, S. (2015). Citraan Sufistik Maut dan Islam dalam Puisi Indonesia. LITERA, 14(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v14i2.7201
Sulaeman, M. (2020). Pemikiran Tasawuf Falsafi Awal: Rabi’Ah Al-‘Adawiyyah, Al-Bustamī, Dan Al-Hallaj. Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat Dan Pemikiran Islam, 20(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v20i1.2235
Sulistianawati, S., Supratno, H., & Indarti, T. (2020). Syi'ir Jawa Pesisiran (Kajian Esoeskatalogi). Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 13(1), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.30651/st.v13i1.3652
Tanjung, S. (2017). Deathless after Death: Humanize the Tradition and Celebrate of Death in Java. SHS Web of Conferences, 33, 67-67. http://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173300067
Tripathi, K. (2022). Exploring the “Liminal” and “Sacred” Associated with Death in Hinduism through the Hindu Brahminic Death Rituals. Open Theology, 8(1), 503-519. https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2022-0224
Tsabit, M. (2022). Makna Jargon Kepak Sayap Kebhinnekaan Pada Baliho Puan Maharani. Jurnal Media Penyiaran, 2(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31294/jmp.v2i1.1046
Vähäkangas, A. (2019). Douglas Davies’ Transcultural Model of Grief. Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.25785/iapt.cs.v2i0.195
Wagiran, W. (2013). PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL HAMEMAYU HAYUNING BAWANA (Identifikasi Nilai-nilai Karakter Berbasis Budaya). Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v0i3.1249
Wardani, Y. A. (2023). Semantic Structure of the Indonesian ‘Die’Verbs. Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS), 9(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v9i2.5681
Wheeler, M. (1988). Literature and Theology. ANZTLA EJournal, (5), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.31046/anztla.v0i5.752
Widhianningrum, P., & Prihatiningtias, Y. W. (2023). Ngunduh Wohing Pakarti: The Moral Roots of Business Governance Principles. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 31(1), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.21776/ijabs.2023.31.1.690
Yuan, W. (2024). An Interpretation of Emily Dickinson’s Death Poem Take Because I Could not Stop for Death as an Example. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 28, 748-752. https://doi.org/10.54097/0fk3yw23
Zahid, A. (2019). Puisi Sufistik Jalaludin Rumi Tentang Makna Kematian (Analisis Psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan Pada Makna Kematian). Spiritualita, 3(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.30762/spr.v3i2.1869
Zhanykulov, N., Dosaliyev, T., & Seitkhanuly, S. (2024). Martin Heidegger's Existential Analysis of Death and Dasein. Hikmet., 2(2), 37-49.https://doi.org/10.47526/3007-8598-2024.2-08
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tudung Fatwa Muhammad, Anas Ahmadi, Moh. Ahsan Shohifur Rizal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
