KARAKTERISTIK TURBULENSI ATMOSFER DI WILAYAH BANDARA MINANGKABAU BERDASARKAN DATA RADIOSONDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/ws46kh95Keywords:
Turbulensi atmosfer, Radiosonde, Metode Thorpe, Bilangan Richardson, Bandara MinangkabauAbstract
Turbulensi atmosfer merupakan fenomena dinamika atmosfer berskala kecil yang berperan dalam pertukaran momentum dan panas, sekaligus berdampak bagi keselamatan penerbangan, terutama di wilayah tropis dengan topografi kompleks seperti pesisir barat Sumatera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil angin vertikal dan karakteristik turbulensi atmosfer di wilayah Bandara Internasional Minangkabau menggunakan data radiosonde periode Desember 2022–November 2023 pada pukul 00 UTC dan 12 UTC. Karakteristik turbulensi dianalisis melalui frekuensi Brunt–Väisälä (N²), Bilangan Richardson (Ri), dan laju disipasi energi (ε) yang diturunkan dari Metode Analisis Thorpe, dilengkapi kontribusi geseran angin vertikal melalui closure Rmin, serta penyaringan Trend-to-Noise Ratio (TNR) untuk mengurangi deteksi overturning palsu akibat noise instrumen. Profil vertikal dibagi menjadi tiga lapisan: Lower Troposphere Layer (0–3 km), Middle Troposphere Layer (3–10 km), dan Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Layer (10–18 km). Pada periode penelitian, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan angin dan vertical wind shear meningkat tajam pada UTLS, dengan puncak kecepatan angin musim Desember-Januari-Februari (DJF) mencapai sekitar 29 m/s pada ketinggian 15–16 km. Lapisan UTLS teridentifikasi sebagai zona dengan kondisi instabilitas dinamis (Ri < 0,25) paling sering terjadi, yang mengindikasikan potensi shear-driven turbulence dengan frekuensi kejadian mencapai sekitar 40–48% terutama pada musim DJF, konsisten dengan nilai turbulensi aktual oleh εtotal serta kategori intensitas Severe yang juga memuncak pada lapisan yang sama. Mekanisme shear-driven teridentifikasi lebih dominan dibandingkan convective/overturning pada hampir seluruh lapisan dan musim, dengan kategori intensitas Severe mencapai sekitar 55–56% pada UTLS musim DJF.
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