DESIGN OF AN IOT-BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS FOR WATER EFFICIENCY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jop.v11i1.48928Keywords:
Smart Irrigation, Internet of Things, ESP32 Microcontroller, Soil Moisture, Water EfficiencyAbstract
Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices remain key challenges in agriculture. This study aims to design and evaluate an IoT-based smart drip irrigation system controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller for optimizing water use. The system integrates a calibrated YL-69 soil moisture sensor and DHT21 temperature-humidity sensor for real-time environmental monitoring, with control and data visualization provided via the Blynk platform. Experimental results demonstrated that the system effectively maintained soil moisture within the optimal range of 30 – 50%. The developed system achieved irrigation efficiency between 90 – 95% and reduced total water consumption by approximately 40% compared to conventional methods. The results showed that integrating soil moisture sensors within an IoT-based control framework can significantly enhance water efficiency.
Downloads
References
Adla, S., Rai, N. K., Karumanchi, S. H., Disse, M., & Pande, S. (2020). Laboratory Calibration and Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Capacitive and Very Low-Cost Resistive Soil Moisture Sensors. Sensors, 20(363).
Ali, A., Tahir, N., & Khalid, M. N. (2022). Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: A Review of Worldwide Research. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 11(4), 246–250.
Askaraliev, B., Musabaeva, K., Koshmatov, B., Omurzakov, K., & Dzhakshylykova, Z. (2024). Development of modern irrigation systems for improving efficiency, reducing water consumption and increasing yields. Machinery and Energetics, 15(3), 47–59.
Attaluri, S. (2025). Climate Resilient Rural Development in the Asia-Pacific Region: Challenges and the Way Forward The. Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific.
Cahyatama, F. R., Sulistio, E., & Al Azhar, G. (2024). Sistem Kendali dan Monitoring Garden pada Budidaya Tanaman Mawar Berbasis Iot. Kohesi: Jurnal Multidisiplin Saintek, 3(3), 6–20.
Di Gennaro, S. F., Cini, D., Berton, A., & Matese, A. (2024). Development of a low-cost smart irrigation system for sustainable water management in the Mediterranean region. Smart Agricultural Technology, 9(October).
Fahrezi, S., Rusman, Yuwono, Y. C. H., Satriyo, & Saufa, N. R. (2024). Rancang Bangun Otomasi Greenhouse Tanaman Strawberry Menggunakan Peltier Berbasis Internet Of Things. Kohesi: Jurnal Multidisiplin Saintek, 4(5).
García, L., Parra, L., Jimenez, J. M., Lloret, J., & Lorenz, P. (2020). IoT-Based Smart Irrigation Systems: An Overview on the Recent Trends on Sensors and IoT Systems for Irrigation in Precision Agriculture. Sensors (Switzerland), 20(4).
Hashemi, S. Z., Darzi-Naftchali, A., Karandish, F., Ritzema, H., & Solaimani, K. (2024). Enhancing agricultural sustainability with water and crop management strategies in modern irrigation and drainage networks. Agricultural Water Management, 305(October).
Imbernón-Mulero, A., Martínez-Alvarez, V., Maestre-Valero, J. F., Gallego-Elvira, B., & Gimeno, J. M. (2025). Low-cost continuous floating covers with flexible photovoltaic panels for farm irrigation reservoirs: Technical and economic analysis. Energy, 335(July).
Ingrao, C., Strippoli, R., Lagioia, G., & Huisingh, D. (2023). Water scarcity in agriculture: An overview of causes, impacts and approaches for reducing the risks. Heliyon, 9(8), e18507.
Irsal, R. A. utera, Rosyidah, R. A., Kurnia, M. R. A., Aisyah, S. I., & Nurcholis, W. (2023). Potensi Senyawa Antioksidan Dari Tanaman Krokot (Portulaca Grandiflora): Narrative Review. Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal), 8(1), 25–35.
Jafari Semnani, S., Moghadam, K. N., Jafari, Z., & Chiniforush, N. (2024). Comparative effects of the conventional, ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation on penetration depth of three photosensitizers in the root canal system. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 49(June), 104286.
Lakhiar, I. A., Yan, H., Zhang, C., Wang, G., He, B., Hao, B., Han, Y., Wang, B., Bao, R., Syed, T. N., & Chauhdary, J. N. (2024). A Review of Precision Irrigation Water-Saving Technology under Changing Climate for Enhancing Water Use Efficiency , Crop Yield , and Environmental Footprints.
Lee, S., Seymour, L., & Kim, J. (2025). Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems. Agronomy, 15(7), 1–10.
Lina Sudarwati, & Nasution, N. F. (2024). Upaya Pemerintah dan Teknologi Pertanian dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan dan Kesejahteraan Petani di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Agraria Dan Kedaulatan Pangan (JKAKP), 3(1), 1–8.
Liu, L., & Ma, X. (2024). Prediction of Soil Field Capacity and Permanent Wilting Point Using Accessible Parameters by Machine Learning. AgriEngineering, 6(3), 2592–2611.
Mekong River Commission. (2022). Guidance For Improving Irrigation Systems To Address Climate Change And Food Security.
Meriç, M. K. (2025). Implementation of a wireless sensor network for irrigation management in drip irrigation systems. 1–20.
Morchid, A., Said, Z., Abdelaziz, A. Y., Siano, P., & Qjidaa, H. (2025). Fuzzy logic-based IoT system for optimizing irrigation with cloud computing: Enhancing water sustainability in smart agriculture. Smart Agricultural Technology, 11(November 2024), 100979.
Raza, A., Hu, Y., Acharki, S., Buttar, N. A., Ray, R. L., Khaliq, A., Zubair, N., Zubair, M., Syed, N. R., & Elbeltagi, A. (2023). Evapotranspiration Importance in Water Resources Management Through Cutting-Edge Approaches of Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Algorithms (Issue May). Springer International Publishing.
Satra, S., Agrawal, A., Gogate, S., Daryapurkar, R., & Mehendale, N. (2023). Design and Implementation of Arduino-based Automatic Irrigation with Moisture Sensor. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–5.
Setyowati, I., Novianto, D., & Purnomo, E. (2020). Preliminary design and soil moisture sensor yl-69 calibration for implementation of smart irrigation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1517(1).
Supriadi, H., Ferry, Y., & Ibrahm, M. S. D. (2018). Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Kopi. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (2nd ed.). IAARD Press.
Tan, Y., Dong, Z., Guzman, S. M., Wang, X., & Yan, W. (2021). Identifying the dynamic evolution and feedback process of water resources nexus system considering socioeconomic development, ecological protection, and food security: A practical tool for sustainable water use. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 25(12), 6495–6522.
Vinutha, MN, T., BG, V., Mudalagiriyappa, K., Geetha, & AP, M. G. (2024). Effect of different bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 7(4), 23–27.
Yerli, C., Sahin, U., Ors, S., & Kiziloglu, F. M. (2023). Improvement of water and crop productivity of silage maize by irrigation with different levels of recycled wastewater under conventional and zero tillage conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 277(September 2022), 108100.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Aisyah, Early Dia Ulhaq, Aldi Dharmawan, Rady Purbakawaca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
