Tata Kelola Berkelanjutan Hutan Adat Datuk Rangkayo Mulio melalui Sinergi Kelembagaan dan Kearifan Lokal
Sustainable Governance of the Datuk Rangkayo Mulio Customary Forest through Institutional Synergy and Local Wisdom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jurnalsilvatropika.v10i1.57578Keywords:
customary forest, governance, benefit-based conservation, JambiAbstract
ABSTRACT
Customary forests play a strategic role in biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation through indigenous community-based governance. However, studies integrating institutional governance and local wisdom in customary forest management remain limited. This study examines the governance system and implementation of local wisdom in the Datuk Rangkayo Mulio Customary Forest, Dusun Baru Pelepat, Jambi. A qualitative exploratory approach with common-pool resources institutional analysis was employed. The findings reveal a hybrid institutional arrangement combining genealogical customary institutions that maintain social legitimacy with modern functional institutions (LPHA and KUPS) responsible for technical and administrative management. Governance is supported by four pillars of local wisdom: access control, ecological harvesting standards, community-based economic instruments, and restorative customary sanctions. Forest management has shifted from passive conservation to benefit-based conservation through environmental services, non-timber forest products, ecotourism, and the Dondang Kayu tree adoption program. This governance model balances biodiversity conservation and community welfare while supporting climate change mitigation, highlighting the importance of strengthening indigenous community capacity for sustainable customary forest governance.
Keywords: customary forest, governance, local wisdom, benefit-based conservation, Jambi.
ABSTRAK
Hutan adat memiliki peran strategis dalam konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dan mitigasi perubahan iklim melalui tata kelola oleh masyarakat hukum adat. Namun, kajian yang mengintegrasikan tata kelola kelembagaan dan kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan hutan adat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji sistem tata kelola dan implementasi kearifan lokal pada Hutan Adat Datuk Rangkayo Mulio di Dusun Baru Pelepat, Jambi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif eksploratif dengan analisis institusi common-pool resources. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya sinergi kelembagaan hibrida antara struktur adat genealogis yang menjaga legitimasi sosial dan lembaga fungsional modern (LPHA dan KUPS) yang mengelola aspek teknis dan administratif. Tata kelola hutan bertumpu pada empat pilar kearifan lokal, yaitu pengendalian akses, standar ekologis pemanfaatan hutan, instrumen ekonomi berbasis komunitas, dan sanksi adat restoratif. Pengelolaan hutan telah bertransformasi dari konservasi pasif menjadi konservasi berbasis manfaat melalui pengembangan jasa lingkungan, hasil hutan bukan kayu, ekowisata, dan program adopsi pohon (Dondang Kayu). Model tata kelola ini mampu menyeimbangkan perlindungan biodiversitas dan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekaligus mendukung upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim, sehingga penguatan kapasitas masyarakat hukum adat menjadi faktor penting bagi keberlanjutan pengelolaan hutan adat.
Kata kunci: hutan adat, tata kelola, kearifan lokal, konservasi berbasis manfaat, Jambi.
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