EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIOXIDANTS AS BROWNING INHIBITORS AGAINST SHOOT Cyrtostachys renda AS CALLUS CULTURE EXPLANT

Syamsurizal Syamsurizal; Diah Tri Utami; Elisma Elisma; Lizawati Lizawati; Aries Bagus Sasongko; Beni Hendro Prabowo

doi:10.22437/jiituj.v9i1.36002

Authors

Syamsurizal Syamsurizal Universitas Jambi
Diah Tri Utami Universitas Jambi
Elisma Elisma Universitas Jambi
Lizawati Lizawati Universitas Jambi
Aries Bagus Sasongko Universitas Gadjah Mada
Beni Hendro Prabowo Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v9i1.36002

Keywords:

Antioxidant, Ascorbic Acid (AA), Cyrtostachys renda, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Shoot Explants

Abstract

Cyrtostachys renda has various pharmacological activities. C. renda roots contain alkaloids and flavonoids as secondary metabolites' main components responsible for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. To produce secondary metabolites from C. renda, tissue culture can be used through callus and cell suspension culture techniques. Browning is one of the main challenges in plant tissue culture, which inhibits the success of callus formation, especially in plants with a high content of phenolic compounds such as C. renda. This study tested the effect of soaking in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ascorbic acid (AA) in inhibiting the browning process in C. renda explants. Explant colour change testing was done in vitro by soaking the explants in five concentrations of PVP and AA (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm). Changes in explant colour were then analyzed using the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour chart. The results showed that the PVP antioxidant with a concentration of 200 ppm could suppress explant browning until the fourth day. In comparison, explants treated with AA antioxidants with a concentration of 200 ppm showed browning symptoms on the second day. It can be concluded that antioxidants can reduce the browning level in C. renda shoot explants, and the antioxidant PVP can reduce the browning level better than AA. The mechanism of PVP as an anti-browning agent through inhibition of phenolic oxidation. This study's novelty is obtaining the type of anti-browning PVP with an optimum concentration of 200 ppm to inhibit the browning of C. renda shoot explants.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Syamsurizal Syamsurizal, Universitas Jambi

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia

Diah Tri Utami, Universitas Jambi

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia

Elisma Elisma, Universitas Jambi

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia

Lizawati Lizawati, Universitas Jambi

Department of Agroekotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia

Aries Bagus Sasongko, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Beni Hendro Prabowo, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

References

Abdalla, N., El-Ramady, H., Seliem, M. K., El-Mahrouk, M. E., Taha, N., Bayoumi, Y., Shalaby, T. A., & Dobránszki, J. (2022). An Academic and Technical Overview on Plant Micropropagation Challenges. Horticulturae 2022, Vol. 8, Page 677, 8(8), 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE8080677.

Aguirre-Becerra, H., Vazquez-Hernandez, M. C., Saenz de la O, D., Alvarado-Mariana, A., Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Garcia-Trejo, J. F., & Feregrino-Perez, A. A. (2021). Role of Stress and Defense in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production. Advanced Structured Materials, 140, 151–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_5.

Amir Rawa, M. S., Hassan, Z., Murugaiyah, V., Nogawa, T., & Wahab, H. A. (2019). Anti-cholinesterase potential of diverse botanical families from Malaysia: Evaluation of crude extracts and fractions from liquid-liquid extraction and acid-base fractionation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 245, 112160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2019.112160.

Anwar, S., Khan, S., Almatroudi, A., Khan, A. A., Alsahli, M. A., Almatroodi, S. A., & Rahmani, A. H. (2021). A review on mechanism of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation by plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Molecular Biology Reports, 48(1), 787–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11033-020-06084-0/METRICS.

Ashokhan, S., Othman, R., Rahim, M. H. A., Karsani, S. A., & Yaacob, J. S. (2020). Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Coloured Callus Formation and Accumulation of Azadirachtin, an Essential Biopesticide in Azadirachta indica. Plants 2020, Vol. 9, Page 352, 9(3), 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/PLANTS9030352.

Asniwita, A., Novalina, N., Syarif, M., Bestari, A. V., & Obura, B. O. (2024). Exploration of indigenous plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) as biological control agents and biofertilizer. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 8(1), 240-250. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i1.31783.

Babich, O., Sukhikh, S., Pungin, A., Ivanova, S., Asyakina, L., & Prosekov, A. (2020). Modern Trends in the In Vitro Production and Use of Callus, Suspension Cells and Root Cultures of Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2020, Vol. 25, Page 5805, 25(24), 5805. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES25245805.

BoangManalu, E. N., Iqbal, M., & Garcia, C. (2024). Analysis of the relationship between interest and learning outcomes of physics in senior high school. EduFisika: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 9(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.59052/edufisika.v9i1.29641.

Cai, X., Wei, H., Liu, C., Ren, X., Thi, L. T., & Jeong, B. R. (2020). Synergistic effect of NaCl pretreatment and PVP on browning suppression and callus induction from petal explants of paeonia lactiflora pall. ‘Festival Maxima.’ Plants 2020, Vol. 9, Page 346, 9(3), 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/PLANTS9030346.

Chai, J., Gao, Y., Dong, Y., Kong, L., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Browning treatment in tissue culture of ‘hongyang’ kiwifruit. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 452(2), 022075. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/452/2/022075.

Chandran, H., Meena, M., Barupal, T., & Sharma, K. (2020). Plant tissue culture as a perpetual source for production of industrially important bioactive compounds. Biotechnology Reports, 26, e00450. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BTRE.2020.E00450.

Chaudhary, N., Tiwari, V., Sharma, A., Kumari, A., Garg, M., Bhatnagar, A., Kansal, S. K., & Krishania, M. (2024). New Strategy for Browning Prevention in Apple Pomace Processing and Toxicity Tested in a Rodent Model. ACS Omega. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSOMEGA.4C03966/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/AO4C03966_0007.JPEG.

Chumburidze, M., Setiabudi, E., Vassiliadou, M., Hasanov, R., & Duangpaserth, K. (2023). Unveiling the complex interplay between active learning and teacher development: Insights from TIMSS 2022 in Georgia. Interval: Indonesian Journal of Mathematical Education, 1(2), 118-125. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijome.v1i2.1363.

de Assis, F. A., Rodrigues, F. A., Pasqual, M., de Assis, G. A., Luz, J. M. Q., Janoni, F., Costa, I. de J. S., Costa, B. N. S., & Soares, J. D. R. (2018). Antioxidants in the control of microorganism contamination and phenol oxidation in Eugenia pyriformis. Biosci. j. (Online), 34(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-V34N1A2018-36311.

Dessi, L. C., & Shah, M. (2023). Application of the numbered head together type cooperative learning model to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects. Interval: Indonesian Journal of Mathematical Education, 1(2), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijome.v1i2.773.

Fitriani, F., Triandafillidis, T., & Thao, L. P. (2023). Exploring the integration of computational thinking and mathematical modelling in STEM Education. Interval: Indonesian Journal of Mathematical Education, 1(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijome.v1i2.1341.

Gao, J., Xue, J., Xue, Y., Liu, R., Ren, X., Wang, S., & Zhang, X. (2020). Transcriptome sequencing and identification of key callus browning-related genes from petiole callus of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa cv. Kao) cultured on media with three browning inhibitors. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 149, 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2020.01.029.

Gemechu, E. C., & Amante, G. (2021). Control of browning in Plant Tissue Culture: A Review. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research, 10(4), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076802.

Grzegorczyk-Karolak, I., Hnatuszko-Konka, K., Krzeminska, M., Olszewska, M. A., & Owczarek, A. (2021). Cytokinin-Based tissue cultures for stable medicinal plant production: Regeneration and phytochemical profiling of salvia bulleyana shoots. Biomolecules 2021, Vol. 11, Page 1513, 11(10), 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/BIOM11101513.

Halder, M., & Jha, S. (2021). Morphogenesis, Genetic Stability, and Secondary Metabolite Production in Untransformed and Transformed Cultures. 663–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30185-9_15.

Hamdan, N., Lee, C. H., Wong, S. L., Fauzi, C. E. N. C. A., Zamri, N. M. A., & Lee, T. H. (2022). Prevention of enzymatic browning by natural extracts and genome-editing: a review on recent progress. Molecules 2022, Vol. 27, Page 1101, 27(3), 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES27031101.

Herawati, H., Khairinal, K., & Idrus, A. (2023). Harmonizing nature and knowledge: Crafting engaging thematic teaching tools for expedition on environmental preservation. Tekno - Pedagogi : Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 13(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.22437/teknopedagogi.v13i1.32525.

Ito, S., Sugumaran, M., & Wakamatsu, K. (2020). Chemical reactivities of ortho-quinones produced in living organisms: Fate of quinonoid products formed by tyrosinase and phenoloxidase action on phenols and catechols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, Vol. 21, Page 6080, 21(17), 6080. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS21176080.

Jaiswal, N., Verma, Y., & Misra, P. (2021). High frequency in vitro callogenesis and plant regeneration of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Vegetos, 34(3), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42535-021-00219-9/FIGURES/3.

Khoviriza, Y., Azzahra, M. Z., Galadima, U., & Salsabila, W. S. (2024). Revealing the impact: Meta analysis of problem based learning models on improving communication skills in science learning. EduFisika: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 9(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.59052/edufisika.v9i1.32650.

Liu, C., Fan, H., Zhang, J., Wu, J., Zhou, M., Cao, F., Tao, G., & Zhou, X. (2024). Combating browning: mechanisms and management strategies in in vitro culture of economic woody plants. Forestry Research, 4(0), e032. https://doi.org/10.48130/FORRES-0024-0026.

Liu, C., Zhang, J., Wu, J., Zhou, M., Cao, F., Tao, G., & Zhou, X. (2024). Combating browning: mechanisms and management strategies in in vitro culture of economic woody plants. Forestry Research, 4(0), e032. https://doi.org/10.48130/FORRES-0024-0026.

Liu, Z., Zhao, M., Wang, X., Li, C., Wang, J., Liu, Z., Shen, X., & Zhou, D. (2022). Response surface methodology-optimized extraction of flavonoids with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from the exocarp of three genera of coconut and characterization by HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 391, 132966. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2022.132966.

Miranda, A., Lara, A., Altamirano, A., Di Bella, C., González, M. E., & Julio Camarero, J. (2020). Forest browning trends in response to drought in a highly threatened mediterranean landscape of South America. Ecological Indicators, 115, 106401. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2020.106401.

Mohanlall, V. (2020). Plant Cell Culture Systems for the Production of Secondary Metabolites-A Review. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB, 6(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.9790/264X-0601023547.

Moon, K. M., Kwon, E. Bin, Lee, B., & Kim, C. Y. (2020). Recent Trends in Controlling the Enzymatic Browning of Fruit and Vegetable Products. Molecules 2020, Vol. 25, Page 2754, 25(12), 2754. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES25122754.

Murata, M. (2022). Food chemistry and biochemistry of enzymatic browning. Food Science and Technology Research, 28(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3136/FSTR.FSTR-D-21-00130.

Nath, P., Pandey, N., Samota, M., Sharma, K., Kale, S., Kannaujia, P., Sethi, S., & Chauhan, O. P. (2022). Browning Reactions in Foods. Advances in Food Chemistry: Food Components, Processing and Preservation, 117–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4796-4_4.

Nurzynska, R., & Nurzynska-Wierdak, N. (2023). Phenolic Compounds from New Natural Sources—Plant Genotype and Ontogenetic Variation. Molecules 2023, Vol. 28, Page 1731, 28(4), 1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES28041731.

Permadi, N., Akbari, S. I., Prismantoro, D., Indriyani, N. N., Nurzaman, M., Alhasnawi, A. N., Doni, F., & Julaeha, E. (2024). Traditional and next-generation methods for browning control in plant tissue culture: Current insights and future directions. Current Plant Biology, 38, 100339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CPB.2024.100339.

Permadi, N., Nurzaman, M., Alhasnawi, A. N., Doni, F., & Julaeha, E. (2023). Managing Lethal Browning and Microbial Contamination in Musa spp. Tissue Culture: Synthesis and Perspectives. Horticulturae 9(4), 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE9040453.

Rahmayani, F., Hambali, S. M., Moghadam, A. A., Ripeanu, D., & Nkambule, T. (2023). Unveiling college student preferences: integrating numerical and factor analysis in understanding choices for mathematics majors. Interval: Indonesian Journal of Mathematical Education, 1(2), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijome.v1i2.1346.

Ren, X., Liu, Y., & Jeong, B. R. (2020). Callus induction and browning suppression in tree peony Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan.’ Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 61(3), 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13580-020-00246-6/METRICS.

Rika, M., Oktavia, S. W., Fitriani, R., & Javed, M. A. (2023). Seed germination test technology practicum (standard development test). Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 7(2), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v7i2.29761.

Rini, E. F. S., Raptis, P., Sozcu, O. F., Abdelrhman, S. A. A. M., & Lara-Valenzuela, C. (2023). Technology and ethics in social media: A study of the phenomenon of digital bullying in the young generation. Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity, 1(2), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.37251/jetlc.v1i2.1400.

Sari, E. P., Lestari, U., & Syamsurizal, S. (2021). Uji Sifat Fisikokimia Lotion Fraksionat Ekstrak Diklorometan Kulit Buah Artocarpus altilis. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 5(2), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v5i2.15893.

Sehgal, D., & Khan, T. (2020). Plant Tissue Culture: Beyond Being a Tool for Genetic Engineering. Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology: Volume 1, Biovalorization of Solid Wastes and Wastewater Treatment, 1, 175–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6021-7_9.

Setiyani, E. N., Baharin, Z. H. Z., & Jesse, S. N. (2023). Development of POE-Based student worksheets (Predict, Observe, And Explain) for students’ mathematical representation abilities. Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity, 1(2), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.37251/jetlc.v1i2.792.

Sharma, S., Sharma, S., Kumar, P., Verma, P., Sharma, R., & Sharma, N. C. (2025). Overcoming Challenges in Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Micropropagation: A comprehensive approach to optimizing explant selection, sterilization, and nutrient media. Applied Fruit Science 2024 67:1, 67(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10341-024-01234-1.

Sultanuddin, S., Saharudin, S., Yamin, M., Waite, V., & Baral, L. N. (2023). Implementation of portfolio assessment in english lessons at man insan cendekia jambi. Tekno - Pedagogi : Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 13(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.22437/teknopedagogi.v13i1.32569

Syamsurizal, S., Elisma, E., & Pratiwi, P. D. (2024). Breadfruit peel as the most potent radical scavengers for skin protection. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 8(1), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i1.33966.

Syamsurizal, S., & Utami, D. T. (2024). The combination of fraction A3 of Cyrtostachys renda Blume with doxorubicin improved cytotoxicity against T47D cell line through cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 14,(9), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2024.173607.

Taher, M. A., Lo’ay, A. A., Gouda, M., Limam, S. A., Abdelkader, M. F. M., Osman, S. O., Fikry, M., Ali, E. F., Mohamed, S. Y., Khalil, H. A., El-Ansary, D. O., El-Gioushy, S. F., Ghazzawy, H. S., Ibrahim, A. M., Maklad, M. F., Abdein, M. A., & Hikal, D. M. (2022). Impacts of Gum Arabic and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with Salicylic Acid on Peach Fruit (Prunus persica) Shelf Life. Molecules 2022, Vol. 27, Page 2595, 27(8), 2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES27082595.

Utami, D. T., Efrini, E., Ikhsan Jumardi, M., Farmasi, J., Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, F., & Jambi, U. (2023). Toxicity test of red palm (Cyrtostachys renda Blume.) using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 407–413. https://doi.org/10.36490/JOURNAL-JPS.COM.V6I5-SI.429.

Vhangani, L. N., & Van Wyk, J. (2021). Heated plant extracts as natural inhibitors of enzymatic browning: A case of the Maillard reaction. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(2), e13611. https://doi.org/10.1111/JFBC.13611.

Wagay, N. A., Lone, R., Rafiq, S., & Bashir, S. U. (2020). Phenolics: A game changer in the life cycle of plants. Plant Phenolics in Sustainable Agriculture, 241–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4890-1_11.

Wang, J., & Fang, S. (2023). Effects of different anti-browning agents on enzyme activity and growth in callus of Cyclocarya paliurus. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 47(6), 167. https://doi.org/10.12302/J.ISSN.1000-2006.202203071.

Wang, X., Li, G., Chen, X., Yu, C., Nie, J., Yang, H., Ji, W., Xu, G., Zhu, H., Jin, S., & Zhu, X. (2022). The Effect of Anti-browning Agent Activated Carbon and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone on the Rooting of Embryo Seedlings of “FengDan” and Its Transcriptome Analysis. Front. Plant Sci., 13, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.832619.

Wen, P., Hu, T. G., Wen, Y., Li, K. E., Qiu, W. P., He, Z. L., Wang, H., & Wu, H. (2021). Development of nervilia fordii extract-loaded electrospun pva/pvp nanocomposite for antioxidant packaging. Foods, 10(8), 1728. https://doi.org/10.3390/FOODS10081728/S1.

Wilyus, W., Nurdiansyah, F., Irianto, I., Asniwita, A., & Oktavia, S. (2024). Honey pumpkin stem borer, apomecyna saltator fabricius (coleoptera: cerambycidae) can be controlled with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 8(2), 634-646. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i2.33717.

Xu, X., Zhu, D., Huan, Z., Geng, X., & Ran, J. (2023). Mechanisms of tissue culture browning in five Magnoliaceae family species. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 155(1), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11240-023-02568-6/TABLES/4.

Yan, S., Li, L., He, L., Liang, L., & Li, X. (2013). Maturity and cooling rate affects browning, polyphenol oxidase activity and gene expression of ‘Yali’ pears during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 85, 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2013.04.016.

Yang, Y., Chan, Y., Wang, Y., Guo, H., Song, L., Zhang, H., Sun, L., Cong, R., & Zhang, H. (2024). Preliminary establishment of genetic transformation system for embryogenic callus of Acer truncatum ‘Lihong.’ Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1419313. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2024.1419313/BIBTEX.

Yolviansyah, F., Amin, N. F., Retutas, M., Tuan, N. A., & Peiling, L. (2023). Implementation of information technology algorithms based on ICT media to make teachers have 21st century skills. Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity, 1(2), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.37251/jetlc.v1i2.1398.

Yusnidar, Y., Kartika, E., Iqbal, M., Vitoekpon, I., Husseini, M. M. E., Hagos, H., & Khan, Y. (2023). Formulation of red bean meatballs as a local food alternative: Increasing protein and fiber using design expert D-Optimal. Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity, 1(2), 115-139. https://doi.org/10.37251/jetlc.v1i2.1405.

Zhang, W., Pan, Y., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Advances in control technologies and mechanisms to treat peel browning in postharvest fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 311, 111798. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2022.111798.