EVALUATING THE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (BCF) AND ESTIMATED DAILY INTAKE (EDI) OF HEAVY METALS IN LIME PLANTS (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) IN SMALL SCALE GOLD ORE PROCESSING AREAS

Febriansyah Febriansyah; Albadi Lijaya; Rukmini Rukmini; Ra. Hoetary Tirta Amallia; Novin Teristiandi; Andi Saputra; Siti Soleha

doi:10.22437/jiituj.v8i1.32596

Authors

Febriansyah Febriansyah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
Albadi Lijaya Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
Rukmini Rukmini Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
Ra. Hoetary Tirta Amallia Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-7508
Novin Teristiandi Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
Andi Saputra Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
Siti Soleha Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i1.32596

Keywords:

Bioconcentration Factor (BFC), Bioaccumulation, Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Small-scale gold ore processing

Abstract

Small-scale gold ore processing areas have become a global concern due to their significant contribution to heavy metal pollution. The residual amalgamation process in these areas leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in the environment, which can bioaccumulate in living organisms. This study focuses on the lime plant (Citrus aurantifolia), commonly found in small-scale gold ore processing areas, particularly in Sukamenang village. The research aims to assess the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of heavy metals in lime plants to evaluate the risk to residents who consume them. Samples were collected using random sampling and analyzed with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and a mercury analyzer. The results indicate that Citrus aurantifolia has a BCF value of less than 1 (<1), classifying it as an excluder plant, effectively preventing heavy metals from entering its upper parts and allowing it to thrive in polluted environments. However, the consumption of these plants poses health risks. The study highlights the Reference Dose (RfD) values for heavy metals: Cu at 4.0 x 10^-2 (0.008), Fe at 0.7, and Hg at 0.0001, as recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 2011. Heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, and Hg in the lime plants indicate potential adverse health effects due to their toxicity. This research underscores the necessity for monitoring and mitigating heavy metal pollution in small-scale gold ore processing areas to protect public health and the environment.

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