Konflik Batin pada Kumpulan Cerpen Pilihan Kompas 2017: Kasur Tanah dan Relevansinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Apresiasi Sastra Indonesia di SMA

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) kepribadian tokoh utama; (2) konflik batin tokoh utama berdasarkan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud; dan (3) relevansi hasil analisis kepribadian dan konflik batin tokoh utama dalam kumpulan cerpen pilihan Kompas 2017: Kasur Tanah sebagai bahan ajar apresiasi sastra Indonesia siswa SMA kelas XI. Penelitian ini berbentuk deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi sastra. Sumber data berupa dokumen dan informan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Validitas data ditulis dengan triangulasi teori dan triangulasi sumber. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) berdasarkan tiga dimensi watak, yaitu dimensi fisiologis, dimensi sosiologis, dan dimensi psikis, diketahui bahwa tokoh utama dalam kelima cerpen memiliki kepribadian yang berbeda-beda. (2) konflik batin tokoh utama pada kelima cerpen terbagi menjadi dua jenis. Pertama, tokoh utama yang lebih mementingkan aspek ego ketimbang aspek superego. Kedua, tokoh utama yang lebih mengedepankan aspek superego dan mampu menurunkan aspek ego. (3) Hasil dari analisis kerpibadian dan konflik batin tokoh utama relevan dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar apresiasi sastra Indonesia siswa SMA kelas IX dan telah memenuhi tiga aspek pemelihan bahan ajar, yaitu bahasa, psikologi (perkembangan psikis siswa), dan latar belakang budaya.

The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) the personality of the main character; (2) the main character's inner conflicts based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory; and (3) the relevance of the results of the analysis of personality and inner conflicts of the main character in Kompas’ 2017 collection of short stories: Kasur Tanah as teaching material for the appreciation of Indonesian literature for class XI high school students. This research is a descriptive qualitative research using a psychology literature approach. Sources of data are documents and informants. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using document analysis and interviews. The validity of the data was written using theory triangulation and source triangulation. Data analysis using an interactive analysis model. The research results can be concluded as follows: (1) based on three character dimensions, namely the physiological dimension, the sociological dimension, and the psychological dimension, it is known that the main character in the five short stories has different personalities. (2) the main character's inner conflicts in the five short stories are divided into two types. First, the main character who is more concerned with the ego aspect than the superego aspect. Second, the main character who prioritizes the superego aspect and is able to reduce the ego aspect. (3) The results of the analysis of personality and inner conflicts of the main character are relevant to be used as teaching materials for appreciation of Indonesian literature for high school students of grade IX and have fulfilled three aspects of learning teaching materials, namely aspects of language, aspects of psychology (psychological development of students), and cultural background.