The Relationship Between Cognitive Function And Stroke Severity In Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jmj.v12i2.28936Keywords:
Cognitive function, Stroke severity, Stroke, MMSE, NIHSS, DisabilityAbstract
Background: Stroke is a clinical manifestation of impaired brain function, both focally and globally, which can be severe and last for 24 hours. Damage to brain cells can cause cognitive, sensory and motoric dysfunction and hinder functional abilities from daily activities to communication caused by brain cells in stroke patients. Aims this study to determine the relationship between cognitive function and stroke severity at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort method in 118 ischemic stroke patients with mild to moderate levels of cognitive function within 1-3 months after the first attack using secondary stroke registry. The patient's cognitive function was measured by the MMSE when the patient was discharged from hospital and stroke severity was measured by the NIHSS when the patient was first admitted to the hospital.
Results: Of the 118 patients, the majority of patients in this study were male (59.3%), aged ≥ 60 years (57.6%). In this study, no significant relationship was found between cognitive function and stroke severity (p = 0.106). Gender, age, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, history of dyslipidemia, and the patient's education level did not find a significant association with cognitive function as assessed by the MMSE score and the severity of stroke as assessed by the NIHSS score.
Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between cognitive function as assessed by the MMSE score and stroke severity as assessed by the NIHSS score.
Keywords: Cognitive function, Stroke severity, Stroke, MMSE, NIHSS, Disability.
Downloads
References
1. World Health Organization. 2021. Noncommunicable Diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
2. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018, Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
3. Lyden, P. 2017. Using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Stroke, 48(2), 513–519. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.015434
4. Mohd Zulkifly, M. F., Ghazali, S. E., Che Din, N., Singh, D. K., & Subramaniam, P. 2016. A Review of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Survivors. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2016,3456943. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3456943
5. Molloy, D. W. 2014. Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE)-Guidelines for administration and scoring instructions. Am J Psychiatry, 14, 102-105.
6. Yousufuddin, M. and Young, N. 2019. Aging and Ischemic Stroke, Aging (Albany NY), 11(9), pp. 2542–2544.
7. Cumming, T. B., Blomstrand, C., Bernhardt, J., & Linden, T. 2010. The NIH stroke scale can establish cognitive function after stroke. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 30(1), 7–14.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000313438
8. Nakamori, M., Matsushima, H., Tachiyama, K., Hayashi, Y., Imamura, E., Mizoue, T., & Wakabayashi, S. 2022. Association of ankle-brachial index with cognitive decline in patients with lacunar infarction. PloS one, 17(2), e0263525. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263525
9. Li, R., Fan, W., Li, D., & Liu, X. 2022.. Correlation of common inflammatory cytokines with cognition impairment, anxiety, and depression in acute ischemic stroke patients. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 55, e11517. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2021e11517
10. Surawan, J., Sirithanawutichai, T., Areemit, S., Tiamkao, S., & Saensak, S. 2018. Prevalence and factors associated with memory disturbance and dementia after acute ischemic stroke. Neurology international, 10(3), 7761. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2018.7761
11. Weimar, C. 2012. Stroke: Initial stroke volume is an independent outcome predictor, Nature Reviews Neurology, 8(6), p. 305. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.91.
12. Fekadu, G., Chelkeba, L. and Kebede, A. 2019. Risk factors, clinical presentations and predictors of stroke among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of Jimma university medical center, south west Ethiopia: Prospective observational study, BMC Neurology, 19, p. 187. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883- 019-1412-5.
13. Soliman,R.H.,Oraby,M.I.,Fathy,M.,&Essam,A.M.2018.Riskfactorsofacuteischemicstrokeinpatients presented to Beni-Suef University Hospital: prevalence and relation to stroke severity at presentation. The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery, 54(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-018- 0012-4
14. Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Ahn, S. H., Jang, M. U., Oh, M. S., Kim, C. H., Yu, K. H., & Lee, B. C. 2015. Smoking is Not a Good Prognostic Factor following First-Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of stroke, 17(2), 177– 191. https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.177
15. Kim, S.H., Lee, J.Y., Kim D.H., Ham J.H., Song Y.K., Lim E.J., et al et al. 2013. Factors related to the initial stroke severity of posterior circulation ischemic stroke , Cerebrovascular Diseases, 36, pp. 62–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351512 ..
