Exploration of Smoking Behavior of Adolescent Girls in Makassar City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jkmj.v9i1.38528Keywords:
Adolescent Girls, Behaviour, SmokingAbstract
Smoking behavior among adolescent girls is increasingly observed in many large cities, including Makassar City. The background of this study is to understand the factors that influence smoking behavior among adolescent girls, who often experience distinct social and psychological dynamics compared to other adolescent groups. This study aims to explore the motivations, social environmental influences, and perceived health risks related to smoking behavior among adolescent girls in Makassar City. This study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 10 adolescent girls who smoke, selected by purposive sampling from various high schools in Makassar. Data analysis was conducted thematically to identify patterns and main themes that emerged from the interviews. The results showed that environmental factors, such as peer influence and social media, as well as social pressure to look “mature” are the main triggers of smoking behavior in adolescent girls. In addition, a low understanding of the long-term health risks also contributes to their decision to smoke. However, some adolescents showed awareness of the dangers of smoking, although not strong enough to kick the habit. The conclusion of this study is that more comprehensive interventions are needed, focusing on health education aimed specifically at adolescent girls, as well as controlling social influences that encourage smoking behavior.
References
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2021. Jakarta; 2021.
2. World Health Organization. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS): Indonesia Report. WHO-SEARO. New Delhi; 2020.
3. Setiawan A, Santoso H, & Maharani DA. The Influence of Media Exposure and Peer Pressure on Smoking Behavior in Adolescent Girls: A Study in Makassar. J Adolesc Heal. 2023;74(1):102–8.
4. Green M, Black J. Influence of media and peer factors on adolescent smoking. Youth Heal J. 2021;32(1):55–62.
5. Conner M, Norman P. Predicting health behaviour: Research and practice with social cognition models. 4th ed. London: Open University Press; 2020.
6. Jamaludin, F. A., Manaf, M. A., & Jamil NFM. Psychosocial factors associated with smoking behavior among adolescents: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):24–56.
7. Neubauer BE, Witkop CT, Varpio L. How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspect Med Educ. 2019;8(2):90–7.
8. Palinkas L, Horwitz S, Green C, Wisdom J, Duan N, Hoagwood K. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Adm Policy Ment Heal Ment Heal Serv Res. 2020;47(5):821–30.
9. Guest G, Namey E, Mitchell M. Collecting qualitative data: A field manual for applied research. SAGE Publications; 2020.
10. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Hum Behav Emerg Technol. 2020;2(4):314–24.
11. Kallio H, Pietilä A-M, Johnson M, Kangasniemi M. Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide. Nurs Res. 2021;70(2):120–9.
12. Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications; 2021.
13. Cypress B. Qualitative research: Methods, data collection, and analysis. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2020;39(6):302–9.
14. Anderson R. Students as real people: Interpersonal communication and education. London: Routledge; 2020.
15. Piper M, Baker T, Benowitz N, Smith S, Jorenby D. E-cigarette dependence measures in dual users: Reliability and relations with dependence criteria and e-cigarette cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(5):756–763.
16. Nguyen T, Et. A. Gender-specific social exclusion and smoking initiation in adolescent girls: A cohort study. J Adolesc Heal. 2023;72(4):521–30.
17. S. E. Adkison, R.J. O’Connor MB-T. The role of peer influence on adolescent smoking initiation. J Youth Adolesc. 2020;49(3):522–31.
18. Martinez S, Et A. Household smoking exposure and future nicotine dependence: A 10-year cohort study. Pediatrics. 2023;151(2):e2022057981.
19. Chen Y, Wong R. Peer influence dynamics in adolescent smoking: A social network analysis of friendship clusters. J Youth Adolesc. 2024;53(2):145–160.
20. Jenkinson, C. E., McVicar, D., & McCann M. The influence of social media on adolescent smoking initiation. Tob Control. 2021;30(5):473–80.
21. Lee S, Kim J. TikTok exposure and smoking intentions in female adolescents: Algorithm-driven content analysis. Tob Control. 2022;31(e2):e178–e185.
22. Jenkinson C, McVicar D, McCann M. The influence of social media on adolescent smoking initiation. Tob Control. 2021;30(5):473–480.
23. Smith J, Yang W. Hidden tobacco advertising and adolescent smoking on social media. J Adolesc Heal. 2021;68(4):715–721.
24. World Health Organization. e-Health strategy for tobacco control: Digital literacy guidelines for adolescents. Geneva; 2023.
25. Patel R, et al. Optimism bias in adolescent smoking risk perception: A global survey. Prev Med (Baltim). 2023;165:107298.
26. Tanaka H, et al. The healthy smoker paradox: How outlier cases shape risk perception in adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23(8):1321–1329.
27. L Zhao, W Fan & ZS. Nicotine dependence and smoking behavior among adolescents: A longitudinal study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(12):2118–24.
28. Schroeder R, Thompson L. Social media’s role in shaping perceptions of smoking among adolescents. J Commun Healthc. 2020;13(3):177–88.
29. White A, Johnson D. Social smoking among college students: A longitudinal study of peer group influences. J Adolesc Heal. 2020;66(3):317–324.
30. Smith A, et al. Environmental triggers and smoking relapse in adolescents: A real-time monitoring study. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(5):487–495.
31. Wang X, Song Z, Fan L. Barriers to smoking cessation among adolescents: The role of nicotine dependence and social pressure. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23(3):507–513.
32. Park S, Son H, Lim H. Parental influence and adolescent smoking behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Educ Res. 2021;36(5):496–508.
33. Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group. Tobacco use among youth: A cross-country analysis of 142 GYTS surveys, 2022. Tob Control. 2021;31 (Suppl:s1–9.
34. Chen X, et al. Olfactory habituation to secondhand smoke and dopaminergic adaptation: An fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2023;270:119955.
35. Akbar R, et al. COMT genotype and dopaminergic metabolism: Sex differences in adolescent brain development. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89(3):221–230.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indra Fajarwati Ibnu (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Proposed Creative Commons Copyright Notices
1. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
p-ISSN : 
e-ISSN : 
