Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 6 Yogyakarta pada Materi Sistem Saraf Ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin Siswa
(Analysis of the Level of Critical Thinking Skills of Grade XI Students of SMAN 6 Yogyakarta on the Nervous System Material Reviewed by Student Gender)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/p1qwv146Abstract
Critical thinking is an intellectual process that evaluates the quality of thought. Various studies indicate differences in critical thinking skills between male and female students. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the differences in critical thinking skills between male and female 11th-grade students regarding the Human Nervous System topic. This study employs a quantitative descriptive design and an ex-post facto comparative research approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants, specifically students from classes F3 and F5 at SMAN 6 Yogyakarta. Data collection involved administering an essay-based test designed to measure students' critical thinking skill levels. Analysis included item analysis—covering validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discrimination power—as well as an analysis of critical thinking skills using the Independent Samples T-test. Validation results using the Quest application indicated that the 10 test items fit the Rasch model, falling within the range of ≥ 0.77 to ≤ 1.30. Consequently, the 10 items were deemed valid and reliable for use in a large-scale trial to measure students' critical thinking skills on the Human Nervous System topic. The Independent Samples T-test yielded a significance value of < 0.05, meaning the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted; this indicates a difference in critical thinking skills based on gender. Descriptive statistical analysis of the critical thinking test results showed that male students achieved an average score of 61.92, while female students achieved an average score of 75.34. Thus, it is concluded that there is a difference in critical thinking skills between male and female students regarding the Human Nervous System topic.
Abstrak. Keterampilan berpikir kritis adalah suatu proses berpikir intelektual yang menilai kualitas pemikiran. Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan keterampilan berpikir kritis antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan keterampilan berpikir kritis antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada siswa kelas XI materi Sistem Saraf Manusia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian ex-post facto comparative. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas F3 dan F5 SMAN 6 Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah mengumpulkan tes soal yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dengan menggunakan tes dalam bentuk soal esai. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis butir soal yang terdiri dari uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, taraf kesukaran dan daya beda, serta analisis keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan menggunakan Independent Samples T-Test, Berdasarkan hasil validasi aplikasi Quest 10 butir soal dinyatakan fit atau cocok dengan model Rash, yaitu dengan rentang ≥ 0,77 sampai ≤ 1,30. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa 10 butir soal valid dan reliabel digunakan dalam uji coba skala luas untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi Sistem Saraf Manusia. Hasil uji independent sample test, yaitu memperoleh nilai signifikansi < 0,05, artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya ada perbedaan keterampilan berpikir kritis berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Berdasarkan data statistik deskriptif diperoleh hasil tes keterampilan berpikir kritis, siswa laki-laki memperoleh rata-rata nilai sebesar 61,92, sedangkan pada siswa perempuan memperoleh rata-rata nilai 75,34. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan berpikir kritis antara siswa laki-laki dengan siswa perempuan pada materi sistem saraf manusia.
References
Aisy, Syandifa, R., & Ardhana, Ivan, A. (2023). Analisis Tingkat Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA PGRI 1 Jombang pada Materi Asam Basa Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Gender. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Undiksha, 7(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpk.v7i2.67356
Alsaleh, Nada, J. (2020). Teaching Critical Thinking Skills: Literature Review. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 19(1), 21–39. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1239945
Anggraini, N, P., Budiyono, & Pratiwi, H. (2019). Cognitive differences between male and female students in higher order thinking skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1188(7), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1188/1/012006
Apiati, V., & Hermanto, R. (2020). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematik Berdasarkan Gaya Belajar. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v9i1.601
Arifin, Z., Sukarmin, Saputro, S., & Kamari, A. (2025). The effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills in science education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/15988
Azizah, Latifaatul, N., & Rosdiana, L. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Ditinjau Dari Gender Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan. Pensa E-Jurnal: Pendidikan Sains, 10(1), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.26740/pensa.v10i1.43045
Azizi, M., Zivlaee, Shima, F., Králik, R., & Miština, J. (2022). Gender and Its Role In Critical Thinking And Critical Thinking Strategies Used By Efl Learners. Revista de Investigaciones Universidad Del Quindío, 34(S3), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol34nS3.997
Azizzah, H., Arafa, M., Prima, Nira, L., Alifah, N., & Sugiharto, B. (2021). Critical Thinking Skills of Male and Female Students Senior High School in IPA Program. Jurnal Phenomenon, 11(2), 157–168. 10.36681/tused.2020.44)
Bates, J., Cheng, S., Ferris, M., & Wang, X. (2025). Cultivating Critical Thinking Skills: A Pedagogical Study in a Business Statistics Course. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 33(2), 166–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2394534
Cahyani, Putri, Ajeng, D., Setiono, & Juhanda, A. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sma Melalui Model Inquiry Based Learning Berbantuan Media Wayang Sukuraga Pada Materi Sistem Indra. Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 08(04), 116–124. https://doi.org/https: 10.22437/bio.v8i4.19149
Calma, A., & Davies, M. (2025). Assessing students’ critical thinking abilities via a systematic evaluation of essays. Journal Studies in Higher Education, 51(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2025.2470969
Dalimunthe, Sri, A., Darta, Kandaga, T., & Hermawan, V. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Melalui Model Learning Cycle 7E di Sekolah Menengah. Pasundan Journal of Research in Mathematics Learning and Education, 5(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.23969/symmetry.v5i2.3263
Delfiza, Milanda, V., & Fuadiyah, S. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis para Peserta Didik : Literatur Review. Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 10(2), 221–228. https://doi.org/https: 10.22437/biodik.v10i2.34041
Demir, E. (2022). An examination of high school students’ critical thinking dispositions and analytical thinking skills. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 6(4), 190–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202217357
Fujika, A., Anggereini, E., & Budiarti, Retni, S. (2015). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA N 5 Kota Jambi Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Pada Konsep Pencemaran Lingkungan. Jurnal Biodik, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v1i1.3347
Haifa, Nurul, H., Sapitri, W., Dewi, Luthfiana, P., Nurhajati, Ayu, R., Putri, Dwina, N., & Nuraeni, F. (2025). Analisis Perbedaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas 4 Terhadap Materi Tumbuhan Sebagai Sumber Kehidupan Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin Siswa. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 8(6), 3103–3110. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i6.7679
Hasan, M., Maulidyanti, H., Tahir, Muhammad, Ilyas, T., & Arisah, N. (2022). Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik melalui Kegiatan Literasi. Jurnal Ideas: Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 8(2), 477–486. https://www.jurnal.ideaspublishing.co.id/index.php/ideas/article/view/698/334
Hidayati, Ariza, R., Fadly, W., & Ekapti, Rahmi, F. (2021). Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPA Materi Bioteknologi. Jurnal Tadris IPA Indonesia, 1(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.21154/jtii.v1i1.68
Hutagaol, J., & Octavia, B. (2025). Development of Electronic ModulesBasedonthe PQ4R Strategy Integrated Jigsaw Model to Improve Collaboration Skills of Grade XI Student. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR), 4(3), 1079–1092. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v4i3.40
Hutagaol, J., Wicaksana, E. J., & Jodion, S. (2022). Development of electronic handouts for class X high school ecosystem materials for online learning. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 8(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v8i2.46536
Jamil, M., Bokhari, Tahira, B., & Rafiq, M. (2024). Critical Thinking Skills Development for 21 st Century: An Analysis of Biology Curriculum (2006). Voyage Journal of Educational Studies (VJES), 4(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.58622/vjes.v4i1.132
Jasmine, Ephyra, V. (2015). Studi Komparasi Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) Dengan dan Tanpa Menggunakan Peta Pikiran Di Kelas X Akuntansi SMKN 4 Surabaya. Jurnal Penddidikan Akuntasi, 3(2), 1–5. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jpak/article/view/13178
Lefevre, A., & Rosalinda. (2017). Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment a practica approach. Elsevier.
Lestari, D., Nulhakim, L., & Berlian, L. (2022). Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Kemampuan Bepikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VIII Pada Tema Makananku Kesehatanku. Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 08(02), 81–89. https://doi.org/https: 10.22437/bio.v8i2.17335
Liyanto, Muhammad, S., Disman, & Dahlan, D. (2020). Identifikasi Perbedaan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik. Jurnal Ilmu-Imu Sosial, 17(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.21831/socia.v17i1.34111
Mahanal, S., Tendrita, M., Ramadhan, F., Ismirawati, N., & Zubaidah, S. (2017). The Analysis Of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills On Biology Subject. Anatolian Journal of Instruction, 2(2), 21–22. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1244660
Maksum, A., Widiana, I, W., & Marini, A. (2021). Path Analysis of Self-Regulation, Social Skills, Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Ability on Social Studies Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 613–628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14336a
Marleni, N. (2020). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Partner Switch dengan Media Microsoft Powerpoint pada Materi Sistem Saraf Manusia di Kelas XI SMAN 7 Mataram. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 5(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v5i1.105
Marni, S., Aliman, M., Suyono, R., & Harsiati, T. (2020). Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Based on Gender And Knowledge Group. Journal of Turkish Science Edutaion, 17(4), 544–560. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2020.44
Mawaddah, Ahmad, A., & Duskri, M. (2018). Gender differences of mathematical critical thinking skills of secondary school students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1088(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1088/1/012054
Nazila, L., Rosidin, U., Wayan, I, W., Herlina, K., & Hasnunidah, N. (2019). The Effect of Applying Argument Driven Inquiry Models to the Critical Thinking Skills of Students Based on Gender Differences. Scientiae Educatia: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 8(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24235/sc.educatia.v8i1.4145
Priani, Nurul, K., Hutagaol, J., Siregar, Khofifa, R., & Jumiah. (2025). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Terintegrasi PBL terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi. Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 11(04), 01–08. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/biodik.v11i04.49831
Rahman, A., Wahyuni, I., & Noviani, A. (2018). Profil Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Metakognitif Siswa Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 10(1), 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um052v10i1p28-43
Rattanachaithada, R., Kwangmuang, P., Vongtathum, P., Amlunglert, omwarin, & Srikoon, S. (2025). A confirmatory factor analysis of scientific critical thinking in secondary school. Jornal Cogent Education, 12(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2467508
Sari, Dewi, E., Hindun, I., Mahmudati, N., Miharja, Fuad, J., & Fauzi, A. (2020). Are male and female students different in higher-order thinking skills? Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 9(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i1.17575
Sarip, N., Arafah, K., & Palloan, P. (2022). Analisis keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas X di SMAN 10 Makassar. Jurnal Sains Dan Pendidikan Fisika, 18(3), 291–299. 10.35580/jspf.v18i3.31668
Shaber, N., Shah, Syed, K., Imran, M., & Almusharraf, N. (2025). Exploring the Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Creativity in University Students: Gender Differences and the Assessment of Skills. Journal Education Sciences, 15(464), 3–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040464
Singh, S. (2022). An analytical study of frustration, academic alienation and scholastic acievement among undergraduate students. United States.
Sulistiani, E., Budiarti, Retni, S., & Muswita. (2016). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Lintas Minat Pada Pembelajaran Biologi Kelas X IIS SMA Negeri 11 Kota Jambi. Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 11(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v2i1.3363
Susilawati, E., Agustinasari, Samsudin, A., & Siahaan, P. (2020). Analisis tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Teknologi (JPFT), 6(1), 11–16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v6i1.1453
Walker, A., & Kettler, T. (2020). Developing Critical Thinking Skills in High Ability Adolescents: Effects of a Debate and Argument Analysis Curriculum. Talent, 10(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.46893/talent.758473
Wardani, W., Astina, I, K., & Susilo, S. (2018). Pengaruh Gender terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA Program IPS pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 3(12), 1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v3i12.11786
Wayudi, M., Suwatno, & Santoso, B. (2020). Kajian analisis keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah menengah atas. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 5(1), 67–82. doi: 10.17509/jpm.v4i2.18008
Yanti, Erna, D., Wigati, I., & Habisukan, Ummi, H. (2019). Perbedaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Laki-Laki dan Perempuan pada Materi Sistem Peredaran Darah Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas XI Mipa Man I Banyuasin III. Bioilmi: Jurnal Pendidikanlmi, 5(1), 66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/bioilmi.v5i1.3541
Yennita, Y., Purwaningsih, S., Wulandari, S., & Lestari, I. (2025). Analysis of Critical Thinking and Enviromental Concern in SDGs Based STEM Learning. Journal of Hunan University, 52(4), 135–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040464
Yuniar, Sonia, R., Masjudin, & Yuliyanti, S. (2022). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa ditinjau dari gender pada Kelas X-XI MIPA SMAN 1 Kayangan. Jurnal Media Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1), 119–121. https://doi.org/10.30599/bma9rf29
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jeklin Hutagaol, Jumiah, Nurul Kholiza Priani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Authors who publish with Biodik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi agree to the following terms:
- For all articles published in Biodik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, copyright is retained by the authors and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licensethat allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
