Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Patogen pada Tanaman Nanas (Ananas comosus (L). Merr) Varietas Tangkit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/bs.v5i01.6579Abstract
ABSTRACT
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is a type of tropical fruits that is potential to be developed into trade commodity in Indonesia. Due to its strategic geographical condition and fertile type of soil to support their growth, the majority of Tangkit Baru villager utilize their land to cultivate the pineapples. One of the contributing factors that hinders the cultivation process is the presence of plant pest organisms that can interfere with the growth of the fruit and affect its production. The aim of this study is to determine the types of pathogenic fungi and symptoms of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi in pineapple farm in Tangkit Baru village. This study consisted of two steps: isolation and identification. Based on the result of the isolation and identification steps of pathogenic fungi in pineapple, it was found that there were three fungal isolates namely BD 01, BD 02 and LYA. BD 01 isolate was a type of fungus coming from the genus Penicillium which caused regular leaf spots, while the genus of BD 02 isolate was Phoma, which caused irregular leaf spots and LYA isolate’s genus was Trichocladium which caused wilt.
Keyword : Pathogen fungi, Pineapple, Tangkit Baru Village
Nanas (Ananas comosus (L). Merr) merupakan salah satu jenis buah tropis yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi komoditas perdagangan di Indonesia. Kondisi geografi dan jenis tanah yang mendukung pertumbuhan nanas, menjadikan sebagian besar masyarakat di Desa Tangkit Baru memanfaatkan lahannya untuk membudidaya tanaman nanas. Salah satu faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam proses budidaya adalah adanya organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan mempengaruhi hasil produksi nanas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis jamur patogen dan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen pada tanaman nanas di Desa Tangkit Baru. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu isolasi dan identifikasi. Tahap isolasi jamur patogen meliputi pengamatan gejala penyakit, penyiapan dan pembuatan media, pengukuran faktor lingkungan dan persiapan isolasi, dan isolasi. Tahap identifikasi meliputi pemurnian, karakterisasi dan identifikasi jamur patogen secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi jamur patogen pada nanas ditemukan lima isolat jamur yaitu BD 01A, BD 01B, BD 02A, BD 02B dan LYA. Isolat BD 01A dan BD 01B merupakan jamur dari genus Penicillium yang menyebabkan gejala penyakit berupa bercak daun beraturan, isolat BD 02A dan BD 02B merupakan jamur dari genus Phoma yang menyebabkan gejala penyakit berupa bercak daun tidak beraturan dan isolat LYA merupakan jamur dari genus Trichocladium yang menyebabkan gejala penyakit berupa layu.
Kata Kunci: Fungi pathogen, nenas, desa Tangkit Baru
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