KONTRIBUSI HIGIENITAS BOTOL SUSU DAN SUMBER AIR TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA 6-24 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS KENALI BESAR KOTA JAMBI

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Diarrhea contributed to 8.8% of the average death per 1000 births as a cause of child mortality in children under 5 years old in the Southeast Asian region in 2016. This disease is influenced by many factors, including hygiene and sanitation of eating and drinking utensils. As many as 75% of infants in developing countries are bottle fed, but the contribution of hygiene and water sources is unknown. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between feeding bottle hygiene and water sources with the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months in the work area of Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kota Jambi on 2020.

Methods: This study is an analytical observation survey with a Case Control approach. This study uses the help of a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. A total of 80 samples were involved in this study.

Results: Factors that influence the relationship between feeding bottle hygiene and diarrhea are how to wash bottles, use of soap, use of special brushes, sterilization of milk bottles, storage of milk bottles and based on the use of water sources where more respondents used water that was not refilled as many as 55 people (68.8 %). The physical quality of the water used by the respondents was cloudy as many as 18 samples (22.5%) and smelly as many as 4 samples (5.0%). The bacteriological quality of the water used by the respondents was positive for Lactose Broth (LB) as many as 33 samples (41.3%) and the positive for Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth (BGLBB) were 29 samples (36.3%).

Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the use of soap and how to store milk bottles and water sources were the causes of diarrhea in toddlers. It is hoped that this research can be a recommendation for regional policy makers to pay attention, especially to the water sources used.

Keywords: diarrhea, toddlers, feeding bottle hygiene, water sources

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Diare berkontribusi terhadap 8,8 % dari rata-rata kematian per 1000 kelahiran sebagai penyebab kematian anak pada balita dibawah 5 tahun di wilayah Asia Tenggara pada tahun 2016. Penyakit ini dipengaruhi banyak faktor, termasuk higienitas dan sanitasi alat makan-minum. Sebanyak 75% bayi di negara berkembang mendapatkan susu botol, namun kontribusi higienitas dan sumber air belum diketahui. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan higienitas botol susu dan sumber air dengan kejadian diare pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kota Jambi tahun 2020.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah survei yang bersifat observasi analitik dengan pendekatan Case Control. Penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan kuesioner yang telah di uji validitas dan realibilitas.  Sebanyak 80 sampel terlibat dalam penelitian ini.

Hasil: Faktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan higienitas botol susu dengan kejadian diare yaitu berupa cara mencuci botol, penggunaan sabun, penggunaan sikat khusus, cara sterilisasi botol susu, penyimpanan botol susu, serta berdasarkan penggunaan sumber air dimana lebih banyak responden menggunakan air yang bukan isi ulang yaitu sebanyak 55 orang (68,8 %).  Kualitas fisik air yang digunakan responden yaitu keruh sebanyak 18 sampel (22,5 %) dan berbau sebanyak 4 sampel (5,0 %). Kualitas bakteriologis air yang digunakan responden bersifat positif Lactose Broth (LB) sebanyak 33 sampel (41,3 %) dan yang positif Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth (BGLBB) sebanyak 29 sampel (36,3 %).

Kesimpulan: Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat bahwa pengunaan sabun dan cara penyimpanan botol susu serta sumber air merupakan penyebab diare pada balita. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi rekomendasi pengambilan kebijakan daerah untuk memperhatikan terutama sumber air yang digunakan.

Kata kunci: diare, balita, higienitas botol susu, sumber air