CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM 2013 AND 2023 AGRICULTURAL CENSUS

Thomson Sitompul; Pattarawadee Kongwang

doi:10.22437/jiseb.v29i01.52501

Penulis

Thomson Sitompul Universitas Pelita Harapan
Pattarawadee Kongwang 2MAN A Frozen Foods Co., Ltd

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/jiseb.v29i01.52501

Kata Kunci:

Agricultural employment, Agricultural census; , Indonesia Structural transformation, Labor dynamics

Abstrak

Sektor pertanian masih menjadi sumber penting penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah perdesaan. Namun, transformasi struktural, urbanisasi, dan perubahan teknologi telah secara signifikan mengubah peran pertanian sebagai penyerap tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan struktur ketenagakerjaan pertanian di Indonesia dengan membandingkan bukti dari Sensus Pertanian tahun 2013 dan 2023. Secara khusus, penelitian ini mengkaji perubahan jumlah tenaga kerja pertanian, struktur umur, komposisi gender, dan status pekerjaan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-komparatif dengan memanfaatkan data mikro sekunder dari Sensus Pertanian 2013 dan 2023 yang dipublikasikan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, perbandingan antarsensus, serta analisis sederhana perubahan struktur untuk mengidentifikasi dinamika utama ketenagakerjaan selama periode sepuluh tahun.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan yang signifikan dalam jumlah tenaga kerja pertanian, yang disertai dengan proses penuaan tenaga kerja yang semakin nyata, meningkatnya partisipasi perempuan, serta bertambahnya proporsi status pekerjaan yang bersifat informal dan rentan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa sektor pertanian semakin kurang menarik bagi tenaga kerja muda dan menghadapi tantangan terkait regenerasi tenaga kerja serta kualitas pekerjaan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pemanfaatan data mikro sensus pertanian terbaru untuk memberikan analisis yang komprehensif dan komparatif mengenai perubahan struktur ketenagakerjaan pertanian di Indonesia dari waktu ke waktu. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi kebijakan yang penting, terutama dalam menekankan perlunya strategi regenerasi petani, kebijakan pertanian yang sensitif gender, serta peningkatan perlindungan sosial guna menjamin keberlanjutan ketenagakerjaan pertanian di masa depan.

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