Kajian Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di Indonesia: Analisis Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jkmj.v5i2.14352Abstract
Kondisi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) berkontribusi tidak hanya pada angka kematian bayi tetapi juga pada masalah kesehatan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi BBLR dan mengidentfikasi perbedaan rata-rata BBLR di Indoensia berdasarkan usia ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, jenis tempat tinggal, lokasi tempat tinggal, indeks kesejahteraan, kunjungan antenatal care (ANC), dan konsumsi tablet Fe selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017 dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap wanita usia subur yang pernah melahirkan dan memiliki catatan berat badan lahir bayi pada Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS)/ buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) secara deskriptif dan analitik. Uji beda menggunakan one way anova, kruskall wallis, dan unpaired ttest dengan p-value 0,05 sebagai cut off point. Prevalensi BBLR mencapai angka 6,1%. Rata-rata berat badan lahir terendah teridentifikasi dialami oleh ibu yang berusia 15-19 tahun (1.944,0 gram), tidak pernah menamatkan minimal satu jenjang pendidikan (1.925,0 gram), tidak pernah melakukan kunjungan ANC (1.900,0 gram), dan tidak pernah mengonsumsi tablet Fe selama kehamilan (1.750,0 gram). Berdasarkan lokasi dan indeks kesejahteraan, Pulau Jawa (34,5%), wilayah perkotaan (51,5%) dan keluarga dengan indeks kesejahteraan paling rendah (29,4%) merupakan kontributor utama terhadap angka BBLR di Indonesia. Perbedaan rata-rata BBLR hanya signifikan secara statistik pada variabel tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,0279). Edukasi kepada ibu hamil terkait BBLR sangat dibutuhkan agar ibu hamil mengatahui faktor risiko BBLR yang dimiliki dan dapat melakukan pencegahan secara mandiri.
Kata Kunci: Antenatal Care, Berat Badan Lahir Rendah, Faktor Risiko.
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