Effects of the RADEC Learning Model on Elementary School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/gentala.v11i2.56291Keywords:
Keywords: RADEC learning model, critical thinking skills, basic education, systematic literature review.Abstract
Critical thinking is one of the essential competencies students need to face the challenges of 21st-century learning. However, previous studies have indicated that critical thinking skills in basic education still require improvement through appropriate learning models. This study aimed to analyze research trends and the implementation outcomes of the Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) learning model in relation to critical thinking skills in basic education. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the PRISMA guidelines. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025 and selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in twelve articles for analysis. The findings revealed that research on the RADEC learning model has continued to grow, focusing on the development of critical thinking skills in basic education. The synthesis results showed that the implementation of the RADEC learning model contributed to improving students’ abilities to analyze information, evaluate problems, solve problems, and communicate arguments through active engagement in the learning process. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive synthesis of research trends and implementation outcomes of the RADEC learning model as a reference for developing critical thinking-oriented learning in basic education.
References
Amroni, Y. S., Hidayah, N., Firmansah, D., & Fiah, R. El. (2024). The Effect of the Project-Based Learning Model on the 4C Skills ( Critical Thinking , Creativity , Communication , and Collaboration ) of Elementary School Students. Edunesia:Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(2), 699–713. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v5i2.745
Andriyani, F., Ekawati, R., & Sukoriyanto. (2024). Systematic Literature Review : Model Pembelajaran RADEC Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Journal ELSE (Elementary School Education Journal), 8(3), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.30 651/else.v8i3.24425
Aziz, M., Siregar, T., & Marpaung, F. H. (2025). Strategi Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadis di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Al-Madrasah Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 9(3), 1141. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i3.5050
Azzahra, N. T., Ali, S. N. L., & Bakar, M. Y. A. (2025). Teori Konstruktivisme Dalam Dunia Pembelajaran. Jurnal Ilmiah Research Student, 2(2), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.61722/jirs.v2i2.4762
Bella, L., & Setiawan, B. (2025). Pengembangan Media Buku Saku Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(01). https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i01.23503
Burhanudin, Maftuh, B., Sujana, A., Sopandi, W., Sapriya, & Nanola, N. (2024). The RADEC Learning Model in Primary Schools: A Systematic Literature Review. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 11(2), 487–511. https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v11i2.65596
Busro, Mailana, A., & Sarifudin, A. (2021). Pendidikan Islam dalam Publikasi Internasional: Analisis Bibliometrik pada Database Scopus. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(01), 413–426. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v10i01.1591
Candraswari, N. K. T., & Suniasih, N. W. (2024). RADEC Learning Model with the Assistance of Media Question Box to Improve Primary School Students’ Critical Thinking Ability. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 7(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v7i1.75312
Dinter, R. van, Tekinerdogan, B., & Catal, C. (2021). Automation of systematic literature reviews: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology, 136, 106589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106589
Erfayliana, Y. (2025). The Effectiveness of the Read Answer Discuss Explain Create Learning Model in Improving Critical Thinking Skills in Science in Grade Iv of Elementary Madrasah. Jurnal Kepemimpinan & Pengurusan Sekolah, 10(2), 712–723. https://doi.org/10.34125/jkps.v10i2.631 ABSTRAK
Fatimah, N. H., Usman, & Sukemi. (2024). Effectiveness of the Reading, Answering, Discussing, Explaining, and Creating (RADEC) Learning Model in Improving High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Colloid Material. Jambura Journal of Educational Chemistry, 6(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.37905/jjec.v6i2.25989
Fauziyyah, H. M., Iswara, P. D., & Sopandi, W. (2025). The Effectiveness of the Radec Learning Model in Enhancing Fifth-Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension Skills of Procedural Texts. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 11(3), 741–749. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v11i3.13276
Fhilrizki, S. I., Sopandi, W., Kusumastuti, M. N., & Fauzi, I. (2024). RADEC (Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain And Create) as a New Learning Model in Indonesia: How Does it Impact on the Science Literacy of Primary School Students? Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 9(1), 60–81. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v9i1.4563
Hasbi, A., Aprinawati, I., & Mufarizuddin. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write (Ttw) Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 7(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v7i1.1454
Jumanto, Sa’Ud, U. S., & Sopandi, W. (2024). Development of IPAS Teaching Materials with the RADEC Model Based on Metacognitive Strategies to Enhance Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 999–1007. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.7010
Lasari, R. N., Fadly, W., Nuranisak, P. F., & Karenina, A. (2023). The Effectiveness of Radec Learning on Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking in the Era of Super Smart Society 5.0. Atlantis Press, 127–137. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-060-2_13
Latifa, D. A., Ali, E. Y., & Sujana, A. (2025). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Treffinger terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Elementary Education, 08(01), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.22460/collase.v8i1.23566
Lestari, H., Sopandi, W., Sa’ud, U. S., Musthafa, B., Budimansyah, D., & Sukardi, R. R. (2021). The impact of online mentoring in implementing radec learning to the elementary school teachers’ competence in training students’ critical thinking skills: A case study during covid-19 pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(3), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.15294/JPII.V10I3.28655
Nurhayati, I., Satum, K., Pramono, E., & Farida, A. (2024). Keterampilan 4C (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication and Collaboration) dalam Pembelajaran Pembelajaran IPS untuk Menjawab Tantangan Abad 21. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i1.6842 ISSN
Page, M. J., Mckenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-wilson, E., Mcdonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement : an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Research Methods And Reporting. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pramusinta, Y., Maysaroh, D., & Saputri, T. (2025). Exploring Elementary School Students ’ Critical Thinking Skills through the Student Question-Have Method Assisted by Scrapbook Media. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 9(2), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v9i2.86178 Exploring
Rifatunnisa, Tarigan, M., Taofik, & Muji, N. C. (2023). Upaya Meningkatkan Critical Thinking Skill Dalam Pembelajaran Ppkn Dengan Model Radec Pada Peserta Didik Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Dharmas Education Journal (DE_Journal), 4(1), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.56667/dejournal.v4i1.939
Rindiana, T., Arifin, M. H., & Wahyuningsig, Y. (2022). Model Pembelajaran RADEC Untuk Meningkatkan Higher 0rder Thingking Skill Dalam Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pengembangan Pendidikan Dasar, 6(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.36379/autentik.v6i1.186
Riska, H., Nasution, S. P., & Andriani, S. (2025). Pengaruh Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, dan Create (RADEC) terhadap Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika dan Pemahaman Matematika berdasarkan Gaya Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.51574/kognitif.v5i1.2403
Rofi’ah, S., & Rokhmaniyah. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS kelas V Sekolah Dasar. SHEs: Conference Series, 7(3), 1763–1770. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v7i3.92274
Sabat, D. R., Sudiatmika, A. R., Suma, I. K., & Suardana, I. N. (2024). Meta Analisis : Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kearifan Lokal Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis. Bioscientist: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 12(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.9856
Sapitri, I., Surya, Y. F., Pebriana, P. H., Marta, R., & Kusuma, Y. Y. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Read Answer Discuss Explain and Create (RADEC) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa di Sekolah Dasar. MODELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI, 10(4), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.69896/modeling.v10i4.1968
Saputri, A., Syafril, S., Yetri, Y., & Yusof, R. (2024). Planning Program for Gifted and Talented Students in Madrasa. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 5(2), 238–251. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v5i2.1554
Setiawan, T. Y., Destrinelli, & Wulandari, B. A. (2022). Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Pada Pembelajaran IPA Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Radec di Sekolah Dasar : Systematic Literature Review. Justek : Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 5(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.31764/justek.vXiY.ZZZ
Setyawan, J., Roshayanti, F., & Novita, M. (2023). Model pembelajaran RADEC berbasis STEAM pada materi sistem koloid mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Practice of The Science of Teaching Journal: Jurnal Praktisi Pendidikan, 2(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.58362/hafecspost.v2i1.29
Suciono, W. (2021). Berpikir Kritis ( Tinjauan Melalui Kemandirian Belajar, Kemampuan Akademik, dan Efikasi Diri ). Penerbit Adab.
Sugiarti, S., Firdaus, A. R., & Kelana, J. B. (2024). Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran RADEC Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pembelajaran IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Action Research Journal Indonesia, 6(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.61227
Ulum, A. M., Alfani, M. F., & Zakaria, A. R. (2025). The Effectiveness of the RADEC Learning Model in Improving Student Learning Achievement. EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education, 6(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.35719/educare.v6i1.313
Wahyu, S. (2023). Model Pembelajaran RADEC (Teori dan Implementasi di Sekolah). UPI Press.
Yulianti, Y., Lestari, H., & Rahmawati, I. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran RADEC Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 8(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v8i1.1915
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Despaliana, Nurul Hidayah, Deri Firmansah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
