Dynamics of Aviation Business Competition in Indonesia: Legal Challenges and Safety Aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v6i2.41874Keywords:
aviation safety;, aviation business;, unfair business competition.Abstract
Background: This paper explores the critical role of the aviation industry in facilitating the transportation of goods and passengers in an archipelagic country like Indonesia. As a fast, efficient, and economical alternative for inter-island and interregional transport, aviation has become indispensable. However, the growing competition among national airline companies has led to significant challenges, with some carriers suffering losses and even facing bankruptcy. Methodology: A normative legal research approach is employed to examine the legal framework governing business competition in the aviation sector, as well as aviation safety regulations. The study further analyzes Indonesia’s obligations as a member of the international community, particularly its commitments under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Objectives: To analyze the intersection between aviation safety and competition law in Indonesia, identifying legal challenges and ensuring fair business practices among national airline operators. Findings: The research finds that unhealthy business competition among national airline companies has led to legal disputes and interventions by the Indonesian Competition Commission (KPPU). These include findings of violations under Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Such practices have not only harmed competing businesses but also threatened the sustainability of the aviation industry. Originality/Novelty: This study provides a legal perspective that integrates competition law and aviation safety regulations, an area that is often treated separately in academic discourse. It also contributes to the understanding of how Indonesia's dual obligations–to maintain market fairness and ensure international aviation safety standards–can be harmonized through effective legal mechanisms.
Downloads
References
Abdi, Yaghoub, Xiaoni Li, and Xavier Càmara-Turull. “Firm Value in the Airline Industry: Perspectives on the Impact of Sustainability and Covid-19.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communication 10, no. 1 (2023): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01644-8.
Amin, Andhi Pahlevi. “Analisis Pengaruh Tarif Penerbangan, Jumlah Penerbangan Dan Pendapatan Perkapita Dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Penumpang.” Jurnal Bisnis STRATEGI 22, no. 1 (2013): 49–66.
Anas, Titik, and Christopher Findlay. “Indonesia: Structural Reform in Air Transport Service APEC Policy Support Unit,” 2017. https://www.apec.org/docs/default-source/Publications/2017/6/Indonesia-Structural-Reform-in-Air-Transport-Service/217_PSU_Indonesia_Air-Transport_Final.pdf.
Angela, Jennifer, and Pande Yogantara S. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Akibat Perubahan Sepihak Jadwal Penerbangan Tiket Transportasi Udara.” Jurnal Kertha Desa 11, no. 7 (2023).
Arafah, Adhy Riadhy, Ardyta Pramudya Wardani, Kharisma Kusuma Wijaya, Alfan Zakiyanto, and Erlisa Akhlakul Karimah. Pengantar Hukum Udara: Perkembangan Dan Isu-Isu Terpilih. Airlangga University Press, 2022.
Diabe, Edie. “An Assessment of The Effect of the 1944 Chicago Convention on the Air Carrier ’ S Duty of Airworthiness Under the Carriage of Goods.” Commonwealth Law Review Journal 8, no. 2022 (2022): 267–91.
Disyon, Huta, Garnita Amalia, and Illona Novira Elthania. “Tinjauan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Terhadap Dugaan Praktik Monopoli Penjualan Avtur Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Persaingan Usaha 3, no. 2 (2023): 163–74. https://doi.org/10.55869/kppu.v3i2.111.
Hirsh, Max. “Emerging Infrastructures of Low-Cost Aviation in Southeast Asia.” Mobilities 12, no. 2 (2017): 259–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2017.1292781.
ICAO. “State of Global Aviation Safety.” ICAO Safety Report 2019 Edition, 2019. https://www.icao.int/safety/Documents/ICAO_SR_2019_final_web.pdf.
Idris, Muhammad. “Daftar 11 Maskapai Penerbangan RI Yang Bangkrut, Garuda Menyusul? Halaman All - Kompas.Com,” 2021. https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/10/27/083715826/daftar-11-maskapai-penerbangan-ri-yang-bangkrut-garuda-menyusul?page=all.
Kagramanto, Lucianus Budi. Mengenal Hukum Persaingan Usaha (Berdasarkan UU No.5 Tahun 1999). Revisi. Sidoarjo: Laros, 2015.
Kementerian Perhubungan. “Statistik Angkutan Udara Tahun 2022,” 2022.
Lee, Heeyeon, Jihyeok Jung, and Deok Joo Lee. “An Auction-Based Airport Slot Reallocation Scheme Considering the Grandfather Rights of Airlines.” Journal of Air Transport Management 118, no. November 2023 (2024): 102612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2024.102612.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 16th ed. Prenadamedia Grup (Divisi Kencana), 2024.
Nainggolan, Sudirman H, Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto, and Chairul Bariah. “Pengaturan Penerbangan Sipil Internasional Menurut Hukum Internasional Yang Melintasi Antar Negara.” Sumatra Journal of International Law 2, no. 3 (2014): 164515.
Otsuka, Emiri, and Namgyu Kang. “Usability of Booking a Flight Ticket Using Airline Applications on Smartphones.” Human-Centered Design and User Experience 114 (2023): 281–88. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004245.
Pamuraharjo, Hemi. Hukum Penerbangan Indonesia Implementasi Kententuan- Ketentuan Angkutan Udara. Yogyakarta: Phonenix Publisher, 2021.
Panigrahi, Ankita, Rakesh Sharma, Sujata Chakravarty, Bijay K. Paikaray, and Harshvardhan Bhoyar. “Flight Price Prediction Using Machine Learning.” International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science 3, no. 06 (2021): 1785–89. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem25823.
Perhubungan, Kementerian. “Daftar Maskapai & Organisasi Penerbangan - Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara,” 2025. https://hubud.kemenhub.go.id/hubud/website/maskapai-organisasi.
Permadani, R M. “Analisis Yuridis Perjanjian Penetapan Harga Dalam Praktek Kartel Harga Tiket Pesawat Oleh Beberapa Maskapai Di Indonesia (Studi Putusan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Nomor 15/KPPU-I/2019).” JJurnal Hukum Dan Kemasyarakatan Al-Hikmah 5, no. 1 (2024): 30–36. http://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/9084.
Purba, Hasim. “Mewujudkan Keselamatan Penerbangan Dengan Membangun Kesadaran Hukum Bagi Stakeholders Melalui Penerapan Safety Culture.” Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 12, no. 1 (2017): 95–110.
Renwarin, Joseph M J. “The Influence of Aviation Industrial Environment and Market Orientation on Competitive Strategy and Its Effects on Aviation Business Performance (Study on Aviation Industry in Indonesia).” Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce 22, no. 3 (2017): 1–23.
Rizki, Mochammad Januar. “Diputus Bersalah Oleh KPPU Dalam Kasus Tiket Pesawat, Ini Respons Lion Air.” hukumonline.com, 2020. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/diputus-bersalah-oleh-kppu-dalam-kasus-tiket-pesawat--ini-respons-lion-air-lt5ef44d0491cd9/.
Salsabil, Ananda Zahra, and Arif Fakhrudin. “Pengaruh Faktor Safety Culture, Safety Management System Dan Pemandu Lalu Lintas Penerbangan Terhadap Keselamatan Penerbangan Di Perum LPPNPI Cabang Matsc.” VISA: Journal of Visions and Ideas 4, no. 2 (2024): 861. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47467/visa.v4i2.2115.
Seo, Dong Min. “A Comparative Study on the Effective Implementation of the Mandatory IMO Member State Audit Scheme : A Case Study of the Republic of Korea.” World Maritime University, 2010. https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1429&context=all_dissertations.
Setiawan, Anton. “Indonesia.Go.Id - Ini 63 Pulau Baru Di Indonesia,” 2024. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/8865/ini-63-pulau-baru-di-indonesia?lang=1.
Setiawan, Indra, Dewi Nusraningrum, and Yosi Pahala. “Deregulasi Penerbangan Dan Kinerja Perusahaan Penerbangan Niaga Berjadwal Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 2, no. 1 (2015): 1. https://doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v2i1.130.
Suryawan, Ryan Firdiansyah, and Juliater Simarmata. “Legal Aspects in Business Alliances and Strategic Partnerships Between Airlines.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2023): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i1.359.
Tiarto, Tiarto. “The Implication of Airlines Deregulation in the End of the 20Th Century on Industrial Development of Commercial Air Transport Schedule in Indonesia.” In Conference on Global Research on Sustainable Transport (GROST 2017), 147:335–46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2991/grost-17.2018.29.
Wibowo, Kuntjoroadi, and Safitri Nurul. “Analisis Strategi Bersaing Dalam Persaingan Usaha Penerbangan Komersial.” Ilmu Administrasi Dan Organisasi 16, no. 1 (2009): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v16i1.603.
Wicaksono, Purnawan Adi, Nia Budi Puspitasari, and Marissa Fajarina Retnaningtyas. “Model for Determining the Requirement of Aircraft N219 on Non-Pioneer Routes in Indonesia.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 195, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/195/1/012032.
Wiradipradja, E. Saefullah. Hukum Transportasi Udara Dari Warsawa 1929 Ke Montreal. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama, 2008.
Yuniarto, Topan. “Perjalanan Industri Penerbangan Indonesia - Kompas.Id,” 2021. https://www.kompas.id/baca/paparan-topik/2021/12/13/perjalanan-industri-penerbangan-indonesia.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nisfa Salsadillah, Adhy Riadhy Arafah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
