Sustainable Efficiency and Productivity Dynamics in Sugar Industry: A Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v10i1.55655Keywords:
Data Envelopment Analysis, Technical Efficiency, Malmquist Productivity Index, Productivity, SustainabilityAbstract
This study analyzes the technical efficiency and sustainable productivity dynamics of the Tjoekir Sugar Factory under PT Sinergi Gula Nusantara during the 2021–2025 period. The Indonesian sugar industry continues to face structural challenges, including low productivity, aging production assets, and increasing dependency on sugar imports, making operational efficiency a critical issue for industrial sustainability. This research employed a quantitative approach using the output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) CCR model to measure relative technical efficiency and the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) to evaluate changes in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) through efficiency change and technological change decomposition. The findings reveal that the factory achieved efficient frontier performance in 2023 and 2025, while inefficiencies in other periods were associated with input slack and operational instability. The MPI results indicate that productivity growth was primarily driven by technological change rather than managerial efficiency improvement, suggesting that asset optimization through maintenance and overhaul played a significant role in enhancing operational performance. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that improved efficiency contributes to sustainability objectives by reducing production losses, optimizing by-product utilization, and supporting Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices within the company’s operations. This research highlights the importance of integrating technological reliability, operational management, and sustainability principles to strengthen the long-term competitiveness and resilience of Indonesia’s sugar industry.References
Adli, F. F., Qatrunnada, S. R., & Satmoko, Y. C. (2025). Sweet Success or Sour Struggles? Efficiency of the East Java Sugar Industry. East Java Economic Journal, 9(1), 55–81. https://doi.org/10.53572/ejavec.v9i1.150
Anggara, Z. R., & Wikartika, I. (2025). CONTRIBUTION OF ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL, GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE TO FIRM VALUE. 18(2), 241–256.
Bahruddin. (2025). Efficiency Analysis of Sugar Mills in Indonesia: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan.
Camanho, A. S., Silva, M. C., Piran, F. S., & Lacerda, D. P. (2024). A literature review of economic efficiency assessments using Data Envelopment Analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 315(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.07.027
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444.
Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., O’Donnell, C. J., & Battese, G. E. (2005). Index Numbers and Productivity Measurement. In An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (pp. 85–132). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25895-7_4
Data Laporan Impor Gula 10 Tahun Terakhir BPS. (2025). Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/02/28/8cfe1a589ad3693396d3db9f/statistik-indonesia-2025.html
Evanthi, A., & Azhar, R. M. (2023). Uncovering The Relationships Between Strategic Capability, Strategic Flexibility, And Performance. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 4(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v4i1.722
Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1992). Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries. The American Economic Review, 84(1), 66–83.
Gunawan, Darmein, Mardiyanto, A., Syahputra, R., & R, A. (2021). Penilaian Proses Produksi Gula Berbasis Kinerja dan Penggunaan Energi. Vol.5 No.1.
Handayani, W., & Susilowati, N. (2021). ANALISIS PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS DI BAGIAN PENGECORAN PT. APIE INDO KARUNIA DENGAN METODE OBJECTIVE MATRIX. Jurnal MEBIS (Manajemen Dan Bisnis), 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33005/mebis.v6i1.201
Hartatie, D., Taufika, R., & Achmad, P. B. (2021). Pengaruh Curah Hujan dan Pemupukan terhadap Produksi Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) di Pabrik Gula Asembagus Kabupaten Situbondo. Jurnal Ilmiah Inovasi, 21(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.25047/jii.v21i2.2592
ID FOOD. (2024). Perbandingan Produksi dan Konsumsi Gula Indonesia. https://idfood.co.id/
Khairani, K., & Sisdianto, E. (2024). Implementasi Akuntansi Lingkungan untuk Mewujudkan Manajemen Lingkungan yang Efektif. JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI, MANAJEMEN, BISNIS DAN AKUNTANSI, 2(1), 419–432. https://doi.org/10.61722/jemba.v2i1.651
Krišťáková, S., Neykov, N., Antov, P., Sedliačiková, M., Reh, R., Halalisan, A.-F., & Hajdúchová, I. (2021). Efficiency of Wood-Processing Enterprises—Evaluation Based on DEA and MPI: A Comparison between Slovakia and Bulgaria for the Period 2014–2018. Forests, 12(8), 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12081026
Kurniawan, M., Ramadhan, W., & Effendi, U. (2021). PENGUKURAN EFEKTIVITAS MESIN PRODUKSI GULA DI PG KREMBOONG SIDOARJO. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 22(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2021.022.01.6
Lou, Y., Yang, G., Guan, Z., Chen, X., Pan, H., Wang, T., & Zheng, H. (2024). A parallel data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index model of virtual frontier for evaluating scientific and technological innovation efficiency at universities. Decision Analytics Journal, 10, 100384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100384
Masso, J., & Tiwari, A. K. (2024). Productivity impacts of R&D and non-R&D modes of technological change for incumbents and entrants in a catching-up economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 199, 123015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123015
Mishra, V., Singh, J., Kulkarni, S., & Yadav, S. (2024). Analysis of profit efficiency of corporate hospitals in India during COVID-19 – An DEA-MPI based approach. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 17(1), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2022.2163866
Muhtadi, M. M., Sitawati, S., & Suryanto, A. (2024). Effect of Sugarcane Varieties and Milling Delay Time on Cane Sugar Yield. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 13(2), 506. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i2.506-511
Najar, B. W. (2020). Efficiency and/or Effectiveness in Managing Organizations. Journal of Education and Culture Studies, 4(2), p131. https://doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v4n2p131
OECD. (2023). Corporate Governance and Climate Transition: OECD Business and Finance Outlook.
Ogolla, O., Michael O. (2022). An Empirical Assessment Of Technical Efficiency In The Kenya Sugar Industry: Data Envelopment Analysis [Thesis, University of Nairobi].
Purnomo, Y. S., Rahmadaniati, F. E. P., & Sitogasa, P. S. A. (2025). Analisis Penerapan Efisiensi Energi (Studi Kasus: Gedung III Fakultas Teknik dan Sains UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur). X No.2, 13051–13058.
Raharjo, R., Azizah, A., & Bimantoro, A. (2023). Penerapan Enterprise Resource Planning Dalam Supply Chain Management Pada Minimarket Family Cukir. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8263447
Rustyani, S., Sofiawati, D., & Rahmawati, B. (2023). Efisiensi dan Produktivitas BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2014 – 2021 (Metode Data Envelopment Analysis dan Malmquist Index). Jurnal Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, 3(2), 102–120. https://doi.org/10.53756/jjkn.v3i2.145
Silalahi, A. V. (2024). KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN TEBU MENUJU SWASEMBADA GULA KONSUMSI. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan Pertanian, 1 (1), 75–86.
Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., & Burgess, N. (2022). Operations management (Tenth edition). Pearson.
Susilo, D., & Yuniati, S. (2020). KEBIJAKAN PERDAGANGAN GULA INDONESIA DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI TEBU.
Tritisari, A. (2023). KARAKTERISTIK GULA SEMUT NIRA TEBU DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PENGAWET ALAMI. Jurnal Agroindustri Pangan, 2(2), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.47767/agroindustri.v2i2.542
Wang, X., & Zhang, X. (2021). Study on Sugarcane Production Efficiency Based on DEA-Malmquist Index: A Case Study of 8 Cities in Guangdong Province. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7957040
Yusuf, M. T., Jamhari, J., & Irham, I. (2020). Technical Efficiency of State-Owned Sugarcane Production in East Java. Agro Ekonomi, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/ae.50004
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Alya Nur Azizah, Wiwik Handayani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
