CHANGE THE CHARACTERS AND LANGUAGE OF THE MANUSCRIPT LETTER OF SULTAN ABDUL MULUK FROM RAJA ALI HAJI

: This article aims to describe the text of Surat Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk by Raja Ali which aims to describe the physical state of the manuscript as a whole and in detail in the text of Surat Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk by Raja Ali Haji. This research approach uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. This research is a qualitative research by focusing on the field of philology whose activities are written materials or old manuscripts. The data collection stage used literature studies. Then, the script description stage uses the script description method, the script transfer stage uses the script transfer method and the language translation stage uses the translation method. The technique of collecting data is by producing data in the form of written words or images of the object to be observed. Based on the results of the research, it shows that the meaning contained in the text of the letter Abdul Muluk by Ali Haji is that women can play a role like men in maintaining their loyalty and in achieving their goals. Women can also rule even though they must condition themselves outside of their nature as women. For Raja Ali Haji in the perspective of national culture and society, religion is the binding knot for various social levels in cultural development


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a nation that has many heritages in the form of history and culture from its ancestors. This cultural heritage can come from various ethnic groups in Indonesia, such as beliefs, traditional clothing, buildings, works of art and languages. Language is a tool used by humans to communicate with each other, either verbally or in writing, which aims to convey information to the interlocutor or other people. Language makes humans able to adapt to the customs around them. Language is usually used to express oneself and to communicate, but more specifically language is also used to explore knowledge. According to Barried (1985:54), manuscripts are handwritten which store various expressions of thoughts and feelings as a result of past culture.
In line with that, Nurizzati (2014: 9) says that the manuscript is a concrete object that contains ideas, ideas, systems, and patterns of life of traditional communities, with other editorials, the text also means handwritten material, containing text. classical, local language, and non-Latin characters.
Manuscript is a physical form of a text. Manuscripts are one of the cultural heritages in the form of written materials that reveal important things that happened at that time. Nurizzati (1998: 9) says that a script is a concrete object that contains thoughts, ideas, values, and the old system of social life described in the script. Classical texts can provide information on culture, history and ideas that have developed at a certain time. Through these texts today's society can know and learn about the life of society in the past.
Changing characters is known as transliteration. According to Edwar Djamaris (in Nurizzati, 1998: 56), transliteration is done by adjusting the spelling to the spelling that occurred at the time the transliteration was made. According to Nurizzati (1998: 36), transliteration is the pinnacle of philological activity. Transliteration is very important to introduce old texts written in old characters. Transliteration should pay attention to the characteristics of the original text if it is feasible because the responsible interpretation of the text greatly helps the reader in understanding the text. Changing characters is actually done to maintain the sustainability of the script, extend the life of the text, and at the same time introduce the old language (Nurizzati, 1998:56).
Spelling adjustments in transliterations of old manuscripts are made to facilitate the reader's understanding of the contents of the text, so there should be no disruption of absorption due to the spelling used, because the main purpose of transliteration is to bridge the old text with the reader. Thus, transliteration is the process of transferring the type of writing in a script from one script to another, for example, Arabic-Malay script to Latin script. Translated scripts are carried out so that people who do not understand the old scripts, who use a lot of old scripts and the regional language of origin, for example Arabic-Malay, are able to understand the contents of the script. The script conversion from Arabic-Malay script to Latin script aims to make the contents of the script reach the public. Translated script is carried out by referring to the table of forms of Arabic-Malay letters put forward by Hollander (1984: 6-7).
According to Hasanuddin WS, et al. (2009: 62), language translation comes from English, namely "translation", which means the process of transferring information from one language or language variation to another language or language variation. The main purpose of language translation is so that the edited text can be read, understood, and enjoyed by readers who do not come from the traditional area of the text or manuscript. With the translation from the language in the text into Indonesian, people can understand the content of the text which is rich in information on language, literature, and culture of society in the past (Suryani, dkk: 2022).
In translating, it is necessary to follow guidelines related to words, spelling and punctuation. Most of the old manuscripts were written without paying attention to the elements of the grammar which are mandatory equipment for understanding the text. Translation functions to explain to the reader about the contents of the text that are no longer in the text. According to Barried (1985: 56), text means the content or content of the manuscript, something abstract that can only be imagined. Text consists of content, namely in the form of ideas or messages that the author wants to convey to the reader in the form of a story. One of the manuscripts that has Malay Arabic script and Malay language is the Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk script from Raja Ali Haji. This manuscript is a copy and is also written using the Arabic-Malay script.

RESEARCH METHODS
This type of research is qualitative research by focusing on the field of philology whose activities are on written materials or old manuscripts. Bogdan and Taylor (in Moleong, 2005: 4) explain that qualitative research in this study is research that produces data in the form of written words or pictures of the object to be observed.
In this research the method used is descriptive method. According to Nurizzati (1998: 40), in philological studies the descriptive method is used to be able to describe the state of the manuscript based on what appears clearly and in detail. The object of this research is the text of the saga of Sultan Abdul Muluk by Raja Ali Haji.
In this study there were four stages that were passed, namely data inventory, script description, transliteration, and language conversion (Warni, dkk: 2021(Warni, dkk: ,2022. The data collection stage uses literature study. Then, the script description stage uses the script description method, the script conversion stage uses the script conversion method and the language translation stage uses the language translation method.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The description of the manuscript aims to describe the physical condition of the manuscript as a whole and in detail. The following is a description of the manuscript of the text of the Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk text by Raja Ali Haji.

1) Manuscript Title
The full title of this manuscript is Surat Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk.

3) Manuscript Repository
Currently the manuscript text is stored in the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia. The manuscript of Abdul Muluk's Hikayat Letter was obtained from the internet.

5) Manuscript Condition
The text of the text of the Hikayat Abdul Muluk letter is not in a good condition, the paper has started to turn brown, many pages are detached from the binding because they are broken, but the writing is still quite clear.

6) Ukuran Naskah
The text of the Hikayat Abdul Muluk Letter has a size of 33 x 20.5 cm. with a text block size of 21.5 x 12 cm.

7) Number of Lines on Each Page of the Manuscript
The total number of lines in the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk averages 19 lines.

8) Letter
The characters used in the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk are Malay Arabic characters. The condition of the writing is clear. The ink colors are black and red.

9) Manuscript Material
The color of the paper in the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk is white.

10) Manuscript Language
The language used in the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk is Malay with some Arabic vocabulary.

11) Text Format
The manuscript of Surat Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk is in the form of poetry.

12) Manuscript Age
This manuscript was recompiled in 1847. Meanwhile, the manuscript will be examined in 2020. To calculate the age of the manuscript, the year of the researched manuscript is subtracted from the year of writing so that the manuscript is 173 years old.

13) Identity of the Author or Copyist
The author of the Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk manuscript is Raja Ali Haji

14) Origins of the Manuscripts
The manuscript of Abdul Muluk's Hikayat Letter was obtained from the internet.

15) Social Functions of Manuscripts
The social function contained in the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk is that the contents of this manuscript can be used as moral teachings for the community, because the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk tells about the loyalty and principles of a wife towards her husband and family.

16) Text/Story Overview
This manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk tells about Sultan Abdul Muluk who ruled in the land of Barbari, he had two wives named Siti Rahmah and Siti Rafiah. One day Sultan Sultan Syahruddin from Hindustan came to attack Barbari country to defend the death of his father who was captured by Sultan Abdul Muluk. Then he made Sultan Abdul Muluk and Siti Rahmah his captives. Then Siti Rafiah tried to disguise herself as a man named Dura and claimed to be a merchant and freed Sultan Abdul Muluk and Siti Rahmah.
Shifting characters is the replacement of the writing type, letter by letter from the old alphabet to the Latin alphabet. In transposing characters, the purity of the old language in the manuscript must be maintained, especially the writing of words. The guideline used in this research is to use Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk with the following provisions. a. Changing characters from Arabic-Malay characters to Latin characters based on the guidelines of the table of Arabic-Malay letter forms presented by Hollander. b. Spelling variations between s and sy, h and kh, which are Malay spellings, are translated in accordance with their original form, for example the words shaitan and khabar remain written as they are and are not adapted to EYD which aims to preserve the old language. c. Words that show characteristics of the old language (archaic words) are changed according to their original form so that the characteristics of the old language remain awake. d. The writing of repeated words in the manuscript using the number two is written completely, for example the repeated words reading are written as reading reading. e. The double slash mark (//) is used to mark the end of each page with the purpose of separating pages. f. The number placed on the right side of the text shows the page number of the manuscript being examined. g. The writing of hadiths and the Qur'anic letters are surrounded by curly brackets (,,,) and the writing is italicized and the writing of the meaning of the verse is surrounded by quotation marks.
Guidelines for translating the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk from Raja Ali Haji with the following provisions. a. Transliteration is done using punctuation guidelines that are in accordance with EYD and KBBI b. This manuscript is translated stanzas because the text is in the form of a poem c. Spelling variations between s and sy, h and h, which are at the beginning and in the middle, which are Malay spellings, are still preserved as in their original form, for example in the word khabar. d. The writing of words that do not show the characteristics of the old language, the writing is adapted based on the provisions according to the EBI, for example in the writing of repeated words that use the number two in the word running, then it is written with the word running. e. The use of capital letters is adapted to the Indonesian Spelling Guidelines.

CONCLUSSION
Based on the description that has been done above in the manuscript, it tells about the loyalty and responsibility of a wife towards her husband and his family. The characters used in the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Sultan Abdul Muluk use Arabic-Malay characters. The interpretation of the manuscript of Surat Hikayat Abdul Muluk is guided by the table of four forms presented by Hollander. Transferring characters is done from Arabic-Malay characters into Latin characters. Translating needs to be done to make it easier for the reader to understand the content of the manuscript so that the values contained in it can reach the reader. Translating is also adapted to the Indonesian General Spelling Guidelines.