Development of Static Fluid Multimedia Based on Comics Adobe Photoshop and Comic Life Deluxe

Abstract


INTRODUCTION
Education is a process for someone to hone and develop their talents by providing freedom and fulfilling everything that students need in the process.Education involves learning activities and learning processes.Apart from that, education requires efforts to help students develop all their potential (heart, mind, taste, and will, as well as body) to face the future (Yamin & Antasari, 2008).Meanwhile, according to Syah (2013), education is basically a conscious effort to develop the potential of students' human resources by encouraging and facilitating their learning activities.One of the levels of education that students pass is studying physics.Physics subjects at the senior secondary education level are subjects that tend to be considered as subjects that are difficult for students to understand and understand, so that learning takes place less than optimally.According to Mustikan (2013), in order for the learning process to take place optimally, teacher creativity is needed, especially in selecting and using teaching materials that suit students' development and needs.One of the important needs for students in the learning process is textbooks.Textbooks help students learn both individually and in groups, during class hours and in students' independent activities.
Physics textbooks used in learning present more descriptions than pictures, so they are less interesting for students.As is known, the aim of learning Physics according to Kulsum & Nugroho (2014) is to enable students to develop experience to be able to formulate problems.Students can master physics concepts and their relationships and are able to use scientific methods based on a scientific attitude to solve related problems in everyday life.However, students' lack of interest in reading books hinders the achievement of the objectives of physics learning.Students' disinterest in Physics textbooks causes students to be lazy about reading them.According to Doman (1986) that all teaching and learning processes are actually based on reading activities.This causes students' low interest in reading Physics books, even though reading is a very important activity.
Low interest in reading causes student learning outcomes to be less than optimal, learning activities are low, and mastery of concepts is also low.Thus it can be concluded that children's high interest in learning will ultimately achieve satisfactory learning outcomes (Pangestu, 2015).Interest is a feeling of preference and interest in something or activity without anyone telling you to.Interest is basically acceptance of a relationship between oneself and something outside oneself.The stronger or closer the relationship, the greater the interest (Mahyudi, 2012).Students' lack of interest in reading or interest in learning is shown by students' lack of enthusiasm for learning, submitting assignments not on time, asking and answering questions is low and students' grades are still far from expectations.According to Larson (2009) Students sharing those perceptions will feel more comfortable and liked in this setting, will express more positive attitudes towards teachers and the school.In response to this, it is necessary to have quality and attractive learning media to support teachers' tasks and motivate students to learn, for example comics.
Using comics as a learning medium is an alternative to attract students' interest in reading physics books and can help students understand physics concepts independently.Darmawan (2012) stated that "comics are telling stories or expressing ideas with pictures.Meanwhile, Sudjana and Riva'i (2002) define comics as "a form of cartoon that reveals characters and acts out a story in a sequence that is closely connected with images and is designed to provide entertainment to readers".The use of comics in the Physics learning process is to stimulate students' motivation and interest in a Physics subject which is considered difficult for the students to understand.
There has not been much development of Physics comics as a learning medium.From the results of observations of the physics comics that have been made, there are several important things to note, namely the lack of use of color, dialogue between characters that is less interesting, and physics material that is not discussed in depth.Therefore, it is necessary to re-develop Physics comics as a learning medium to correct the shortcomings of previous comics in Static Fluid material.
The static fluid material was chosen because the physics concepts presented in this material are closely related to students' daily lives, so that students as comic readers can easily understand the content of the comic which is conveyed through pictures and dialogue between the characters in it.Apart from that, as far as observations have been made there has been no development of comics on static fluid material but only on material that is still related, namely on Pascal's law material.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research is a research and development study, where in its implementation it will adapt the Borg and Gall development model.According to Sukmadinata (2011), research and development is a process or steps to develop a new product or to perfect an existing product and can be accounted for.Meanwhile, the development of the Borg and Gall (1983) research and information collection model (preliminary research and information gathering) is the basis for carrying out development so that it is assumed that the development product is more appropriate for answering service needs and solving service problems.Puslitjaknov (2008) stated that the development model used by Borg and Gall consists of ten steps, but can be modified according to needs in the field.
The test subjects (respondents) selected in this research were students of SMA Negeri Titian Teras H. Abdurrahman Sayoeti class XI MIA 5.This is because SMA Negeri Titian Teras H. Abdurrahman Sayoeti is one of the schools implementing the 2013 curriculum in Jambi province.In this research, the types of data taken are qualitative data and quantitative data.Qualitative data was obtained from validators, namely material experts and media experts, sourced from suggestions and input for improvements in the previously completed questionnaire.Meanwhile, quantitative data was

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Physics Comic that has been created is then validated by the validator.Validators will provide suggestions, criticism, assessments, opinions and input on the Physics comics that have been created.The validation results by the validator are as follows: a. Media Aspect

No There is revision
No There is revision

Appearance
The variety of images is good

Improve comic
No There is picture images on pages 24, 25 and p 28 revision

Channel Story
The storyline is easy to understand.

Fix the Storyline No There is revision
No There is revision The storyline makes the reader curious Correct the storyline on page 2 Correct the name of the person the comic character is talking about

Repair channel story on page 23
No There is revision The storyline is logical and related Improve the page's Storyline 1, 6, 7 and page 33

Improve the storyline on page 21
No There is revision

Language and Writing
The language used is easy to understand and comprehend Correct the sentence in the page dialog box 1, 4, 5 and page 33 Fix pages 1,7 and 10 On page 5, replace the sentence "general equation of pressure" to "pressure on generally".

No There is revision Appearance Lay out and dialog box
The dialog box used is suitable and appropriate Correct the shape dialog box on page 3 and page 5

Correct the writing of the sentence "bengongbengong" in page 17
No There is revision In table 1, validation of media aspects from stage I to stage III shows that for the cover display, image display, story line, language and writing as well as Layout and dialog box displays only in phase I and phase II must be revised in accordance with suggestions from validator.Meanwhile, in stage III, no revisions are needed, this shows that for the media aspect there are no more revisions and the product is ready to be used.

Indicator
Results of Phase I Tringulation

Contents
The content of the material has a clear and precise concept Correct the word "the same" to the word "big".Correct the equations and units created in the comic.

No revisions
The order of the material is correct Adjust the order of explanation of the material on page 7.

Flexible storyline towards users Page 6 no Need
No revisions

Language
The language used is easy to understand student.
Correct the sentence in the dialog box page 7.

No revisions
Sentences used to explain the material precisely and correctly Repair explanation material about fluids on the page 4.

No revisions
In table 2, validation of material aspects in comics from stage I shows that for content validation there are several words that must be corrected and for language validation there are several sentences that must be corrected.Meanwhile, in stage II, nothing needs to be revised, either validating content or language.
c. Student Perceptions  3, the percentage of media effectiveness, learning motivation and student learning activities is known to be in the categories of good, good and very good.The appearance of the comic is as follows: Figure 1.Revision of the front and back cover views Testing the feasibility of comics that will be tested in the field uses media validation tests and material validation tests.The validator will provide suggestions, criticism, assessments, opinions and input on the physics comics that have been created, then the comics will be revised after being analyzed first so that the Physics comics are suitable for use by students when learning Physics, especially on Static Fluid material.
Corrections and validation from the validator team received a good response from the validator team.However, there are several inputs and suggestions in developing the Physics series comic media, both in the form of media appearance and material presentation which includes the appearance of the front and back covers, story line, arrangement of dialogue boxes, image form, explanation of material, sentence structure, sentence writing, formula writing, and questions.So revisions and improvements are made according to these suggestions and input before field trials.
Physics Comic Media has been revised according to suggestions from a team of experts.The Physics Comics were revised in terms of image appearance, story line, dialogue box form, dialogue box arrangement, order of material explanation, sentence writing, word and character name writing, picture form, equation writing and problem solving writing.In the opinion of the expert team, the physics comic media that has been created is declared suitable for production.This is in accordance with the opinion of the 2 validation teams who have validated the physics comic media.Meanwhile, according to the respondents' opinion from the questionnaire that was distributed to class XI MIA 5 students at SMA Negeri Titian Teras H. Abdurrahman Sayoeti.

CONCLUSION
From these results it can be concluded that there is a positive response from students with the physics comic media that has been created.Apart from that, there is an increase in the percentage of perceptions from the same previous research.This is because the comics being developed are made with full color content and a wider range of material than previous developments.Thus, this physics comic media is effective and suitable for use as a physics learning media on static fluid material for class X high school.

Table 1 .
Results of Tringulation of Media Aspects in Validation

Table 3 .
Percentage of media effectiveness, learning motivation, and student learning activities