Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan

A Comparison Of Hematocrit, MCV, MCH And MCHC Amount Between Rats On Vegan Dan Standard Diet After Routine Physical Exercise

2022-12-20T11:41:59+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, continues to increase. The main factors are diet errors and mistakes in sport.

Methods: This study used an in vivo experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent group. The research sample consisted of 16 white rats, which were divided into two groups based on diet. The treatment given was in the form of dietary and routine physical exercise. Blood sampling was conducted to analyze hematocrit, MCH, MCV and MCHC levels.

Results: The results showed that the change in body weight of the white rats on vegan diet was higher than the standard diet group. Routine physical exercise had significant effect on hematocrit levels in the standard white rats (p=0.034) compare to the vegan diet. In addition, routine physical exercise had a significant effect on MCV (p=0.026), MCH (p=0.027) and MCHC (p=0.026) levels in the vegan compared to the standard diet white rats.

Conclusion: Changes in the number of hematocrits in the standard diet white rats is significant compared to the vegan diet group. Meanwhile, the levels of MCH, MCV and MCHC changed significantly in the white rats that were given a vegan diet compared to the white rats on a standard diet after routine physical exercise.

Chronic Renal Failure in a Post-Kidney Transplant Patient with Kidney Graft Hydronephrosis and Renal Anemia

2023-10-23T11:17:34+07:00

ABSTRACT

A kidney transplant is the ideal option for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). A successful kidney transplant will improve the excretory function of the kidney so that it can return the quality of life for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to normal. However, in some cases of transplant recipients, the grafted kidney does not function optimally due to several complications. Post-kidney transplant complications may occur, which are classified into two groups, namely surgical and medical complications. Cases of obstruction characterized by hydronephrosis of the graft kidney, a post-transplant surgical complication. The most common location is where the ureter implants into the bladder, namely the distal 1/3 ureter. The most important medical or non-surgical complications are rejection or rejection reactions ranging from acute, hyperacute and chronic. Chronic rejection is the gradual loss of function of the transplanted organ over several months to years after the organ is functioning normally. Chronic rejection is difficult to treat where the use of immunosuppression is of little use because the damage has already occurred, so the patient again needs another renal replacement therapy, namely hemodialysis. The following is a case report of a patient after a kidney transplant six years ago, experienced decreased kidney function again and had to receive hemodialysis therapy due to a kidney graft/hydronephrosis graft.

Immunoserology Tests In Myastenia Gravis

2023-08-08T13:23:10+07:00

ABSTRACT

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease that cause weakness due to the presence of autoantibodies that affect acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the post synapse. Myasthenia gravis is a rare disease, but its prevalence is increasing. Classic clinical symptoms are characterized by fluctuating weakness. Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis requires a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination and confirmatory tests in the form of bedside tests, serological tests, electrodiagnostics and imaging. Among the confirmatory tests available, serological tests has high sensitivity and specificity. In most cases of myasthenia gravis due to the presence of autoantibodies against AChR, other endplate proteins, such as muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) or lipoprotein-related protein 4 (LRP4) can be targets of autoantibodies. There are several examination methods for detecting autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis, several tests have been developed and commercialized such as radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), there are also tests using antigen-expressing cells/cell-based assay (CBA), which is still being developed. The RIPA examination method is still the examination of choice due to its high specificity and sensitivity. ELISA can be an alternative to RIPA examination. CBA is more sensitive than RIPA but its use is still limited.

Comparison Of Non-Surgical Managements Versus Surgical Managements Of Chronic Anal Fissure

2023-04-05T01:28:11+07:00

ABSTRACT

Anal fissure is a tear of the anoderm distal to the dentate line and is very common in all age groups, with an equal incidence in males and females. Most acute anal fissures heal without surgical intervention but chronic anal fissures are usually more difficult to treat due to recurrence and complications. In addition, chronic anal fissures also have a negative impact on quality of life. Management of anal fissures consists of non-surgical and surgical where the healing rate of chronic anal fissures is higher with surgical management. However, surgery carries a risk of incontinence. This article discusses the comparison of the results of non-surgical management with surgical management of chronic anal fissures.

ABO Blood Group: Risk factors for malaria in hypoendemic areas?

2023-09-30T14:33:37+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease that is transmitted by vectors. This disease can cause death, especially in babies, toddlers and pregnant women. This research was conducted to prove whether there was a relationship between blood group and the occurrence of malaria infection.

Methods: The sample was people who permanently reside in the research area and have risk factors for exposure to malaria. Diagnosis was made through microscopic examination. Blood type was tested using the slide method.

Results: The most common cause of malaria was Plasmodium vivax. There were no significant differences between etiology, clinical symptoms, hemoglobin levels and parasite density with ABO blood group. This study found no significant differences between ABO and malaria blood types.

Conclusion: ABO blood type cannot be used as a risk factor in hypoendemic areas which have the majority of vivax malaria sufferers.

Risk Factor Analysis of Diarrhea in Medical Students

2023-10-16T13:40:28+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: Diarrhea is a condition of increased frequency of defecation more than 3 times along with liquid stool consistency followed by mucus or blood. In Indonesia alone in 2019, the reported incidence of diarrhea was 2,549 people with a case fatality rate of 1.14%. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for diarrhea in university students.

Methods: This study is an observational analytic descriptive study with a cross sectional study design. This study used a sample of 132 students who were determined by purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate and univariate tests with logistic regression techniques with a p <0.05 indicating data significant.

Results: Based on the research that has been done, 54 male subjects and 78 female subjects were obtained. Most of the research subjects experienced diarrhea with a frequency of 3 to 4 times a month (55.3%) which was associated with environmental and psychological factors with significant levels of p < 0.043 and p < 0.049, respectively.

Conclusion: Environmental and psychological factors have a significant relationship partially with the incidence of diarrhea in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya.

Herpetic Neuralgia After Inactivated Covid-19 Vaccination : A Case Report

2023-10-24T17:30:20+07:00

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has made prevention procedures against the rapidly spreading infection a top priority. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and authorized for use in some countries including Indonesia, where the Sinovac vaccine has been distributed to health care workers and the elderly. There have been no reports of herpes zoster reactivation after the Sinovac vaccine in Indonesia yet. Advanced age may be a risk factor in reduction of cell-mediated immunity that related to VZV reactivation.However, this article reports an unusual case of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in a patient who received the COVID-19 vaccine. This is the first case of VZV reactivation following Sinovac COVID‐19 vaccination. It is very difficult to establish a straightforward relationship between herpes zoster and inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine, immune dysregulation created by the vaccine may play a role in the reactivation of latent VZV infection in the current case. There is a need for further review and studies in the future.

Pituitary Apoplexy Induced by Anticoagulant Therapy in Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome

2023-08-13T11:47:40+07:00

Pituitary apoplexy, defined as bleeding or infarct on pituitary gland which often occurs in undiagnosed pituitary tumour. Some of the mechanisms thought to trigger pituitary apoplexy are fluctuations in blood pressure, hormonal stimulation of the pituitary gland, coagulation disorders or vascular disorders.

We reported the case of a male patient, aged 73 years from India who came to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain in the last four hours. Electrocardiographic (ECG) and laboratory examination results lead to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event. Patients are given blood thinners in the form of fondaparinux, aspirin, and clopidogrel. On the 4th day of hospitalization, the patient experienced a severe headache, projectile vomiting, and double vision. Radiological examination reveals a pituitary tumour with signs of diffuse haemorrhage compressing the optic chiasma, suggesting an apoplexy of a pituitary tumour. Hormone function tests show a non-functioning pituitary tumour. The blood thinners were discontinued, then vitamin K and dexamethasone were given to reduce the patient's symptoms. After a few days, the headaches and double vision began to improve. Another MRI of the head was done and the result shoed that the mass remained the same and the bleeding did not expand.

It is known that patients with pituitary tumors are at risk of experiencing bleeding after administration of blood thinners. The presence of a pituitary tumour may be a relative contraindication to the use of dual antiplatelets and anticoagulants in acute coronary syndromes especially in group with renal or liver comorbidities.

The Staphylococcus Aureus Antibiotics Resistance’s pattern in Osteomyelitis Cases at Hospital in Jambi City

2023-10-31T09:18:58+07:00

Osteomyelitis is still a health problem in Indonesia, due to poor hygiene, late diagnosis, patients with open fractures who seek treatment late, treats osteomyelitis is long time and quite expensive. Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone that is often caused by a bacterial infection. Osteomyelitis often occurs in open fractures, infections of the feet of diabetics, or surgical treatment of closed wounds. Osteomyelitis can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other organisms, and is idiopathic. The bacteria that most often causes osteomyelitis is the genus Staphylococcus, which is found in 75% of cases of osteomyelitis, especially Staphylococcus aureus. We wanted to know how the prevalence of osteomyelitis with S. aureus infection was and the pattern of resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics. This research was a descriptive research with laboratory experiments. The research samples were patients with osteomyelitis who had signed informed consent form, samples were taken in the form of wound swabs/bone scrapings and blood using the total sampling method since August 2022 until December 2022. Wound swabs/bone scrapings were performed bacterial culture on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). MSA was incubated at 37°C for 18 - 24 hours. The cultures were done gram staining, catalase test and coagulase test. Cultures that grown in MSA with coccus positive gram, catalase test positive and coagulase test positive then tested resistance to antibiotics (Cefoxitin/FOX 30 mg, Ceftriaxone/CRO 30 mg, Gentamicin/CN 10 mg, Chloramphenicol/C 30 mg, and Ciprofloxacin/CIP 5 mg) using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with fresh culture bacteria 0.5 mc Farland. There are 18 samples swabs from wound, and 10 samples are identified as Staphylococcus sp. There are 9 samples that gram staining with coccus positive gram, Catalase positive test, and coagulase positive test. From 9 samples which done antibiotic sensitivity test, there are 2 samples, 3 samples, 1 sample, 3 samples, and 5 samples resistence to cefoxitin (Methicillin resistance Staphyloccus aureus/MRSA), Ceftriaxon, Chlromphenicol, Gentamisin and Ciprofloxacin respectively. There are Fifty percents of osteomyelitis samples are staphylococcal infection with 22.22 percents infection of MRSA.

The The Association Of Obesity With The Incident Of Flat Foot In Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Academic Community In Jambi City

2023-11-05T19:43:58+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: Flat feet is a foot deformity that refers to the loss of the mid-length of the foot. This can cause pain, stiffness, discomfort, and irritation in the ankles and feet. This study attempts to determine the relationship between obesity and the issue of flat feet in the academic community of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FKIK) Universitas Jambi (UNJA) Medical Study Program.

Method: This observational analytic research used a cross-sectional design with samples of 102 academics from the FKIK UNJA Medical Study Program. The primary data consisted of body weight, height, BMI, and soles of the feet. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test.

Result: The incidence of flat feet is 20.6%, and 45,7% of flat feet are obese. There is an association between obesity and the incidence of flat foot in the academic community of the FKIK UNJA Medical Study Program.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between body mass index and the incidence of flat feet in the academic community of the FKIK Jambi University Medical Study Program.

Instructor’s Role In The Conduction Of Basic Clinical Fitness In The Clinique Fitness Laboratory / Skills Laboratory

2023-02-20T15:49:24+07:00

ABSTRACT

Teaching clinical skills is a must in the 21st century. Medical school is required to make its graduates as skilled and professional doctors need a lot of support such as clinical skill laboratory facilities (Skills Lab) and instructors. Students need to be given sufficient opportunities to practice basic clinical skills in a place that is comfortable, safe and controlled without fear of harming patients and can be monitored and assessed in accordance with the expected competencies. Clinical skill instructors are the cornerstones of basic clinical skills teaching process. The role of the instructor includes building two-way relationships for each individual student, giving feedback, becoming role models so that students will be responsible for carrying out each procedural step of clinical skills. Their role is very important in guiding and facilitating the students to practice clinical skill, making sure their skills progress, and preparing them to obtain the predetermined competency as a doctor.

The Correlation Of Ujian Tahap Bersama Score With Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif Of Medical Students

2023-01-13T12:42:40+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: There are several assessment in medical education. Currently, UTB (Ujian Tahap Bersama) is being conducted one of the way to control the quality of medical education graduates. The UTB was held at the 2nd year and 4th year of the preclinical level. The purpose of this study is to determind the correlation between UTB scores and Indeks Prestasi Akademik (IPK).

Methods: This study was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was done by using the total sampling technique. This research was conducted at the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, the Universitas Jambi, with a sample of students who had attended UTB Stage I and/or UTB Stage II.

Results: The average of UTB Stage I score was 36.83±8.86 and the average of UTB Stage II score was 45.42±7.43. There was a correlation between UTB Stage I scores and IPK (p <0.001) with a correlation coefficient of 0.677. There was a correlation between UTB Stage II scores and IPK (p<0.001)with a correlation coefficient of 0.575.

Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between UTB Stage I scores and IPK and a moderate correlation between UTB Stage II scores and IPK.

The Relationship Between Leucocytes and Bacterial Count in The Wound Swab Sample with Colony Counting In Wound Tissue Infection

2022-12-05T19:18:40+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: Wound tissue infection is a problem in developing countries. The cause of the infection must be known, so that appropriate antibiotics are given for that required microbiological examination. The number of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) >25/HPF and the number of colonies >10⁵/Colony Forming Unit (CFU) determine the occurrence of infection. Proving the relationship between the number of leukocytes and bacteria in the wound swab sample to the number of colonies in superficial Surgical site infection (SSI).

Methods: This study was an Observational analytical research design with 35 samples of superficial SSI. Microscopic examination: gram stain to see the number of leukocytes and bacteria in a large field of view. Culture examination: number of colonies, identification of microorganisms, and patterns of antibiotic sensitivity with automatic machines. Statistical analysis for the relationship between the number of leukocytes and bacteria to the number of colonies was Chi-square and logistic regression.

Results: Superficial SSI samples were more common at the age <60 years, with malignancy comorbid. The most common cause of infection is Escherichia coli. The results of the Chi-square test showed that the number of leukocytes (p=0.017) and the number of bacteria (p=<0.01) were related to the number of colonies, and logistic regression tests found that the number of bacteria was significant to the number of colonies (p=0.010, 95% C1: 0.030–0.624).

Conclusion: The number of bacteria associated with the number of bacterial colonies in patients with superficial SSI.

Dextran Sulfate Sodium Effectiveness As Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inducer In BALB/c Mice

2022-12-26T12:30:00+07:00

ABSTRACT

Background: Inflamatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in animal model could be induced by chemical agents such as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), trinitrobenzene sulfanic acid and oxazolone. The inflammation induced by DSS gave many clinical symptoms and immnulogic reactions like in human. In the recent study, the disease activity index has been assessed on the BALB/c mice that induced by DSS 2% and 3%, the result was no significant result. Therefore, DAI score was not necessarily describe the intestinal tissue real condition, so the researcher want to continue assessing DSS influence to the microscopic features of BALB/c mice intestine and colon.

Methods: Nine male BALB/c mice 6-8 weeks, weight 25-40 g divided in 3 groups. Group I as control, while group II and III induced by 2 cycles of 2% DSS for 5 days followed by drinking water for 10 days and 3 cycles of 3% DSS for 7 days followed by drinking water for 7 days. Assesment of DSS effectiveness by microscopic examination of intestine and colon to observe inflammatory features.

Results: . The microscopic features of group II and group III mice intestine and colon has no inflammatory features as control group. Oral admission DSS 2% and DSS 3% did not establish microscopic changes in BALB/c mice intestine and colon, so it was not effective as mice IBD inducer.