The articles published in Journal Online of Physics (JoP) will be considered to retract in the publication if:

1. They have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error)

2. the findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper crossreferencing, permission or justification (i.e. cases of redundant publication)

3. it constitutes plagiarism

4. it reports unethical research