Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry

In Silico Study of Bioactive Compounds of Putat Leaf Extract (Planchonia valida) as Anti-Cancer Against the VEGFR2 Receptor

Anisa Bela — 2024-06-30

Cancer is the process of forming new tissue that is abnormal and malignant. Efforts to discover anti-cancer drug compounds continue to be made to minimize the toxic effects of chemotherapy, so it is necessary to look for other alternatives to treat cancer. This research aims to determine the anti-cancer activity of putat plant bioactive compounds through identification of receptor targets and interaction studies using the molecular docking method against the VEGFR2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) receptor.

The results showed that in the test of eight putat plant bioactive compounds the best results were obtained for the compound 3-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl) butanamide with a binding free energy value of -9.86 kcal-mol-1 with an inhibition constant value of 1.47 Micromolar. The best docking result has an inhibition constant value that is higher than the native ligand and has a binding free energy that is almost close to the binding free energy of the native ligand with an inhibition constant value of 42.38 Micromolar and a binding free energy value of 10.06 kcal-mol-1. Therefore, the results of the docking of the bioactive compound 3-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl) butanamide with the VEGFR-2 receptor are considered capable of being an alternative as a candidate for anti-cancer drugs.

Preparation and Characterization of Adsorbents from Kluwak Shell (Pangium edule) Modified by Surfactant of HDTMA-Br

Zhafira Dwika Ananda — 2024-06-30

This research aims to determine the characteristics of adsorbents made from kluwak shell activated carbon modified by HDTMA-Br surfactant. Providing adsorbents is carried out using the contacting method. The FTIR characterization results show the presence of the CH₃ from N-( group possessed by the HDTMA-Br surfactant at wave number 1500 . SEM characterization shows that the morphology of HDTMA-Br surfactant modified active carbon appears to have a surface with some of the pores closed due to electrostatic interactions compared to unmodified active carbon which has open pores. The results showed that the functional groups and morphology of activated carbon changed after contact with HDTMA-Br surfactant which was related to the absorption capacity of activated carbon.

Potential Toxicity of Legundi Leaf Extract (Vitex Trifolia L) Using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method

Zil Arifah — 2024-06-30

Many natural products can be used as starting points in developing modern medicines because of their capabilities in pharmacological activities. Vitex trifolia L is an herbal plant that has been used to treat diseases such as fever, inflammation, colds, irregular menstruation, and diseases related to the female reproductive organs. This study aims to identify the cytotoxic ability of Vitex trifolia L leaf extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration and fractionation methods, followed by phytochemical assay and cytotoxic assay using BSLT method. The results showed that the n-hexane extract had a moderate cytotoxic effect (LC₅₀ 241 µg/ml), the methanol extract included in the low toxic category (LC₅₀ 995 µg/ml) and the other two extracts involved in the non-toxic category (ethyl acetate and butanol).

Synthesis Of CMC Pectin Hydrogel (1:2) Using the Freeze-Thaw Method and Its Benefit as An Adsorbent

Sri Andini — 2024-06-30

Research has been conducted on the manufacture of hydrogels from CMC and Pectin (1:2), which can be applied as an adsorbent. The Citarum River is included in the category of the most polluted river in the world, because it contains chemicals that can reduce water quality. One of the pollutants is the Cu²⁺ metal, precisely at the entrance point of the Citarum river which exceeds the threshold. Cu²⁺ metal is not biodegradable and can accumulate in the human body, which causes severe health problemss. Metal Cu²⁺ can cause toxic effects on fish body tissues that can induce the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). CMC and pectin are organic materials that are used as hydrogels to absorb Cu²⁺ metal. Hydrogel CMC/Pectin is analyzed using FTIR by having groups O-H, C=O, C-H, OH bending, COOH streatching vibration and C-O-C. The result from BET is that the hydrogel has a surface area of 3.706 m²/g and is classified as a type 1 isotherm graph, and has small pores. The optimum condition of the adsorption process occurs at a concentration of 260 ppm, using the Langmuir isotherm model and has an adsorption capacity of 19.76 mg/g with an absorption efficiency of 68.60%.).

Potential Inhibitory Power of Edible Starch Phosphate Film of Yellow Ivory Coconut Shoots (Cocos nucifera var. eburnea) Incorporated with Chitosan-Nisin on The Growth of Patogenic Bacteria

Dimas Zuhri Kurniawan — 2024-06-30

Edible film can be used to package food well and improve the condition of the food, but damage to food ingredients can also occur due to bacteria, so chitosan-nisin is added as an antibacterial agent. In this research, Edible Film was made by adding 1,2,3,4 g of nisin to a 1% (w/v) chitosan solution to obtain four antibacterial agent solutions, namely 1.0% chitosan and chitosan-nisin: 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4% (w/v), then mixed with distilled water, phosphate starch of yellow ivory coconut shoots, and sorbitol, then stirred with a magnetic stirrer, molded and dried in an oven and then tested for the antibacterial properties of the Edible film. The research results showed that Edible Film containing chitosan-nisin solution was the most potent antibacterial in inhibiting 1% chitosan solution with 0.4% nisin with the inhibition zone for each bacterium ranging between 29.9 mm, 30.6 mm. and 28.2 mm. Antibacterial activity increased with increasing concentration of chitosan-nisin solution.

Testing the Antioxidant Potential of Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica) from Bandar Khalipah Village, Deli Serdang Regency Using the FRAP Method

Pravil Mistryanto Tambunan — 2024-06-30

This study aims to identify and analyze the antioxidant potential of mango leaves (Mangifera indica) sourced from Bandar Khalipah Village, Deli Serdang Regency. Mango leaves are known to contain various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, as well as steroids and triterpenoids, which play a crucial role as natural antioxidants. The extraction process was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol, yielding a thick extract with a rendement of 117%. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of active compounds in the mango leaf extract. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method, resulting in an average value of 151.7 mgAAE/g extract. These results suggest that mango leaves have significant potential as a natural antioxidant source that can be utilized to prevent damage caused by free radicals in the body. This study reinforces the use of mango leaves as a natural alternative for public health.

Development of a Metacognition-Based E-Book Using 3D Pageflip to Enhance Polymer Chemistry Literacy in Coordination Polymerization Reactions

Yusnaidar — 2024-06-30

The development of a metacognition-based e-book using 3D Pageflip on coordination polymerization reaction materials aims to enhance students' polymer chemistry literacy. The Polymer course in the Chemistry Education Study Program covers various polymerization reactions essential for students in today's educational era. Polymers, including plastics, Styrofoam, nylon, and others, are crucial materials in various aspects of life. Due to the abstract nature of this subject, theoretical explanations are challenging for students to understand. A metacognition-based e-book is expected to assist students in self-learning, increasing flexibility in understanding polymerization reaction materials. This study employs the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) and produces an e-book containing text, animations, videos, and music. Validation by experts indicates that the e-book is excellent in terms of content and design. Implementation among students shows that this e-book is effective in enhancing the understanding of coordination polymerization reactions. Thus, the e-book is expected to facilitate learning and improve students' polymer chemistry literacy.

Keyword: Science literacy, polymer chemistry, polymerization reaction, coordination polymerization.

Quantitative Analysis of Mineral in Seawater Concentrate from Pamekasan, Madura Using XRF and ICP-OES Methods

Barmi Hartesi — 2024-06-30

Seawater concentrate from Pamekasan is a product with high mineral content. The mineral content analysis of Pamekasan seawater concentrate was conducted using a comparative test of results from X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). This mineral content testing used a skin moisture device. The essential minerals found in Pamekasan seawater concentrate through analysis are Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Statistical analysis results from XRF and ICP-OES on market products showed no significant difference in average results; however, there was a significant difference in average results in the samples. The most recommended method for analyzing seawater mineral concentrate from Pamekasan is ICP-OES due to its wider detection range and lower matrix interference.

Development of An Environmental Chemistry Module Based on Green Chemistry Principles Through Project Activities

Rayandra Asyhar — 2024-06-30

This research developed an environmental chemistry module based on green chemistry principles through project activities. The study aimed to describe the development process, validate the product, and assess its effectiveness in teaching. The development followed Lee and Owens' four-step process. Qualitative data from expert feedback informed revisions, while quantitative data from questionnaires were collected. The subjects were 40 chemistry education students. Validation by material experts in two rounds showed scores of 80.76% and 85.38% (valid), improving to 100% and 90.76% (very valid) in the second stage. Design validation by three experts yielded initial scores of 83.4%, 86.7%, and 73.4% (valid), which improved to 100%, 93.3%, and 96.7% (very valid) in the second stage. Student responses rated the module as 84.68% (practical). The Wilcoxon signed ranks test for effectiveness showed a significant p-value of 0.000, indicating improved argumentation abilities and science process skills, which averaged 83.25% (excellent).