Artikel Uji toksisitas akut oral xilooligosakarida dari hidrolisis xilan jerami menggunakan enzim rekombinan Endo-β-1,4-D-Xylanase
Studi Toksisitas Xilooligosakarida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v10i1.49759Kata Kunci:
analisis biokimia klinis, analisis hematologi, enzim xilanase rekombinan, pemeriksaan histologis, toksisitas oral akutAbstrak
Xylooligosakarida (XOS) dikenal sebagai prebiotik yang merangsang perkembangbiakan bakteri probiotik dan meningkatkan produksi asam lemak rantai pendek (SCFA). Dibandingkan dengan prebiotik lainnya, XOS menawarkan keunggulan penting, termasuk stabilitas termal dan toleransi terhadap rentang pH yang luas. Berdasarkan atribut-atribut ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi toksisitas XOS yang berasal dari xilan jerami padi yang dihidrolisis menggunakan endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase rekombinan yang diekspresikan dalam Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toksisitas oral akut dinilai pada tikus Wistar jantan dengan dosis tunggal 2000 mg/kg berat badan, dengan observasi dilakukan selama periode 14 hari. Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi berat badan, gejala klinis, indeks hematologi dan biokimia, serta perubahan makroskopis dan histopatologis. Tanda-tanda toksisitas teramati sebagai perubahan konsistensi tinja dalam 4 hingga 24 jam pertama, sedangkan kematian terjadi pada tiga tikus jantan. Meskipun berat badan menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat, terutama pada laki-laki, perkiraan nilai LD₅₀ berkisar antara >500 dan 2000 mg/kg berat badan, sehingga XOS tergolong cukup toksik. Selain itu, pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan adanya perubahan patologis pada ginjal dan hati, sedangkan analisis biokimia serum menunjukkan perubahan metabolik yang masih dalam batas normal. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa XOS memiliki potensi prebiotik yang menjanjikan; namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memastikan keamanan jangka panjangnya untuk diterapkan pada produk makanan.
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