Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kulit Batang Arcangelisia flava dari Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia Secara In Vivo Terintegrasi dengan Analisis Farmakologi Jaringan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v10i1.49750Kata Kunci:
Antioksidan, AGE-RAGE, Mus musculusAbstrak
Tanaman Arcangelisia flava sebelumnya telah dilaporkan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hewan percobaan. Namun, belum ada laporan mengenai aktivitas antidiabetes dari kulit batangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antidiabetes dari ekstrak dan fraksi A. flava, mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktifnya, serta mengeksplorasi jalur mekanistik yang terlibat menggunakan pendekatan network pharmacology. Kandungan kimia dari fraksi n-heksana dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas–spektrometri massa (GC-MS). Uji antidiabetes in vivo dilakukan pada hewan Mus musculus yang diinduksi dengan streptozotosin/niasinamida. Kadar glukosa darah diukur menggunakan uji toleransi glukosa oral (TTGO). Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak dan fraksi ditentukan menggunakan uji ABTS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis GC-MS terhadap fraksi n-heksana mengidentifikasi 18 senyawa yang tergolong dalam tujuh kelompok kimia, yaitu hidrokarbon aromatik, keton dan alkohol, aldehida fenolik, senyawa sulfur, terpena, turunan asam lemak, dan alkaloid. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi diamati pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan ekstrak etanolik dosis 500 mg/kg BB (50,25%), diikuti oleh glibenklamid (43,53%), fraksi etil asetat 125 mg/kg BB (42,82%), ekstrak etanolik 250 mg/kg BB (41,88%), fraksi n-heksana 125 mg/kg BB (34,96%), fraksi butanol 125 mg/kg BB (34,28%), dan ekstrak etanolik 125 mg/kg BB (34,14%). Uji ABTS menghasilkan nilai IC₅₀ untuk vitamin C, ekstrak etanolik, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi butanol masing-masing sebesar 8,00; 49,80; 110,25; 10,20; dan 18,44 µg/mL. Analisis network pharmacology terhadap senyawa 7 dan senyawa 17 dari fraksi n-heksana menunjukkan potensi antidiabetes melalui penghambatan jalur pensinyalan AGE–RAGE pada komplikasi diabetes. Protein target utama yang terlibat meliputi MAPK1, MMP2, MAPK14, MAPK3, PIK3CA, dan TGFBR1. Kesimpulan, ekstrak dan fraksi Arcangelisia flava menunjukkan potensi kuat sebagai agen antidiabetes dan antioksidan. Secara khusus, fraksi n-heksana diduga memberikan aktivitas antidiabetes melalui penghambatan jalur pensinyalan AGE–RAGE yang berperan penting dalam komplikasi diabetes.
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