Jurnal Silva Tropika

Pengaruh Kadar Air dan Ketebalan Papan Terhadap Laju Pengeringan Kayu Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dengan Penerapan Fase Pendinginan

Arip Wijayanto — Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

ABSTRACT

Rubber wood is one of the wood species used as furniture raw material. Before processing it into furniture, it needs to be dried first until the moisture content meets the SNI requirements. In this study, drying data for rubber wood with different initial moisture content at several different thicknesses were taken from a furniture company in Central Java and then analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel. In the drying process, the company applies a cooling phase in between the heating phases. The results of the data analysis show that drying wood with a thickness of 30 mm takes longer than that with a thickness of 25 mm. On the other hand, in the same initial moisture content range, rubber wood with a thickness of 30 mm has a drying rate that is smaller than the drying rate for wood with a thickness of 25 mm. In the higher moisture content ranges the wood drying rate is greater than rubber wood with a low initial moisture content.

Keywords: cooling phase, drying, moisture content, rubber wood, thickness

ABSTRAK

Salah satu jenis kayu yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku furnitur adalah kayu karet. Sebelum diolah menjadi furnitur kayu karet perlu dikeringkan terlebih dahulu sampai kadar airnya memenuhi persyaratan SNI tentang kayu untuk furnitur. Penelitian ini data pengeringan kayu karet dengan kadar air awal berbeda pada beberapa jenis ketebalan berbeda diambil dari perusahaan furnitur di Jawa Tengah dan kemudian diolah secara deskriptif menggunakan microsoft excel. Proses pengeringan di perusahaan tersebut menerapkan fase pendinginan di sela-sela fase pemanasan. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan kayu ketebalan 30 mm membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan ketebalan 25 mm. Sebaliknya, pada rentang kadar air awal yang sama kayu karet dengan ketebalan 30 mm memiliki laju pengeringan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan laju pengeringan kayu ketebalan 25 mm. Rentang kadar air yang lebih tinggi laju pengeringan kayu lebih besar dibandingkan kayu karet dengan kadar air awal yang rendah.

Kata kunci: fase pendinginan,kadar air, kayu karet, ketebalan, pengeringan

Kajian Ekologi Serdang (Livistona sp.) di Kecamatan Sungai Gelam Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

Nursanti Nursanti, Cory Wulan, Suci Ratna Puri, Albayudi Albayudi — Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Spread of Livistona sp. located in Sungai Gelam Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency in Parit Village, Petaling Jaya Village, Sungai Gelam Village which is the location where this research will be carried out because at that location there are still Livistona sp. The environmental requirements for growing Livistona sp. It is a healthy environment that must be composed of several components with supporting conditions, both physical and biotic components. Therefore, it is important to study the ecology of Serdang (Livistona sp.) in order to provide information that can be used in the sustainable management of these plant species. The ShannonWieners exposure value for plants other than serdang in Parit Village at the seedling level had a value of 2,596 (medium advertising category), 2,887 saplings (medium advertising category), 0,679 poles (low advertising category), 0,461 trees (low advertising category). For biodiversity other than serdang on line two in Petaling Jaya Village at the seedling level it has a value of 2,851 (medium category), 3,001 stakes (medium category), 1,707 poles medium category, trees 1,318 (medium category). The diversity of plants other than serdang on line three in Sungai Gelam Village at the seedling level had a value of 2,196 (moderate diversity category), saplings 2,076 (medium category category), poles and trees 0.596, 0.324 (low category category). Ecological factors around serdang plants for the humidity range of 290C – 30,370C. The condition of the soil at the study site is sandy soil with a pH of 3.75 – 4.89, light intensity ranges from 1137 Lux – 9518 Lux, the amount of light intensity can be affected by vegetation cover. The slope of the place where the prawns grow is between 2% and 4%, which means that the sedge grows on a gentle to slightly steep slope.

Parameter Demografi Simpai (Presbytis melalophos) di Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Jambi

Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Simpai (Presbytis melalophos) are one of protected primate species in Indonesia. This species listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List, indicating a significant risk of extinction in the foreseeable future. This species faces severe threats due to habitat loss from forest area conversion, increasing forest fires, and illegal logging. This study investigates key demographic parameters of the simpai population within Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Grand Forest Park in Jambi, Sumatra, aiming to provide valuable data for local conservation efforts. The research was conducted from March to April 2022 using purposive sampling method with a total of 4 transects, each measuring 500 m x 20 m. Demographic parameters assessed include population size, density, age structure, and sex ratio. Results indicate an estimated simpai population density ranging from 318 to 1,053 individuals per km², with an average density of 9 individuals per hectare. Age structure analysis shows a predominance of young individuals, with 74 young, 63 adults, and 24 juveniles recorded, while the adult sex ratio is approximately 1:1,36, consisting of 58 males and 79 females

Peningkatan Kayu Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) dengan Metode Densifikasi Waktu Pengukusan

Riana Anggraini, Marwoto Marwoto, Jauhar Khabibi, Beni Zaini — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

ABSTRACT

Wood densification is a wood compaction process that aims to increase the density and strength of wood. The application of the densification method to low-quality wood is expected to provide added value to the wood so that it is used by the community. For example, in the type of pulai wood which is included in the IV–V strong class with an average specific gravity of 0.38 g/cm3. Wood densification is affected by wood plasticity, wood plasticization can be done with a softening technique before the wood is processed through pre-treatment such as steaming. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of steaming time on the physical and mechanical properties of densified pulai wood (A. scholaris). This study used a Complete Random Design of one factor of steaming time treatment with 5 levels of experiments, namely no treatment/control, steaming time of 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 75 minutes. Physical and mechanical properties testing is carried out on test samples that have been densified. Physical property testing including moisture content and density refers to the standards JIS Z 2102 (1957) and JIS Z 2103 (1957). The mechanical properties tested are MOR and MOE referring to the JIS Z 2113 (1963) standard. The results showed that the steaming time had an effect on the value of moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture. The steaming 30-minute, 45-minute and 60-minute times provide results that are not noticeably different, but are markedly different from the 75-minute and control steaming times (without steaming).

Keywords: densification, pulai wood, steaming

ABSTRAK

Densifikasi kayu merupakan suatu proses pemadatan kayu yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kerapatan dan kekuatan kayu. Penerapan metode densifikasi terhadap kayu-kayu berkualitas rendah diharapkan dapat memberikan nilai tambah pada kayu tersebut sehingga ragam penggunaannya oleh masyarakat. Misalnya pada jenis kayu pulai yang termasuk dalam kelas kuat IV–V dengan berat jenis rata-rata 0,38 g/cm³. Densifikasi kayu dipengaruhi oleh plastisitas kayu, plastisisasi kayu dapat dilakukan dengan teknik pelunakan sebelum kayu dikempa melalui perlakuan pendahuluan (pre-treatment) seperti pengukusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh waktu pengukusan terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu pulai (A. scholaris) yang didensifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap satu faktor perlakuan waktu pengukusan dengan 5 taraf percobaan yaitu tanpa perlakuan/kontrol, waktu pengukusan 30 menit, 45 menit, 60 menit dan 75 menit. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis dilakukan terhadap contoh uji yang telah didensifikasi. Pengujian sifat fisis meliputi kadar air dan kerapatan mengacu pada standar JIS Z 2102 (1957) dan JIS Z 2103 (1957). Sifat mekanis yang diuji adalah MOR dan MOE mengacu pada standar JIS Z 2113 (1963). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu pengukusan memberikan pengaruh pada nilai kadar air, kerapatan, modulus of elasticity dan modulus of rupture. Waktu pengukusan 30, 45 dan 60 menit memberikan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata, namun berbeda nyata dengan waktu pengukusan 75 menit dan kontrol (tanpa pengukusan).

Kata kunci: densifikasi, pengukusan, kayu pulai

Respon Pertumbuhan Semai Tanjung (Mimusops elengi Linn) Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Ayam

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

ABSTRACT

The sufficiency of nutrients in the soil greatly affected the growth and development of plants. The type of plant largely determines its nutritional requirement. Tanjung (Mimusops elengi Linn.) is one of type the forestry plant that has the ability of adapt to air pollution, so that it making it potential to be developed as a protective tree in urban forest development programs. The objective of this research was to determine how the Tanjung seedling growth responds to the dose of chicken manure in the nursery of the Agriculture Faculty, Jambi University. The study used a completely randomized design with a dose of chicken manure as the treatment. The treatments consisted of 5 levels, namely without chicken manure, 500 g/polybag, 750 g/polybag, 1000 g/polybag, and 1250 g/polybag. The research results showed that the dose of chicken manure affected on growth of Tanjung seedlings. The application of 1250 g of chicken manure per polybag had best effect on diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, total dry weight, and root shoot ratio.

Keywords: chicken manure, doses, growth, seedling of Mimusops elengi, ultisol soil

ABSTRAK

Kecukupan unsur hara dalam tanah sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan suatu tanaman. Kebutuhan akan nutrisi sangat ditentukan oleh jenis tanaman itu sendiri. Tanjung (Mimusops elengi Linn.) merupakan salah satu tanaman kehutanan yang yang memiliki kemampuan adaptasi terhadap polusi udara sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pohon pelindung pada program pengembangan hutan kota. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dosis pupuk kandang yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan bibit tanjung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dosis pupuk kandang ayam sebagai perlakuan yang terdiri atas 5 taraf yaitu tanpa pemberian, 500 g/polibag, 750 g/polybag, 1000 g/polybag, and 1250 g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis pemberian pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanjung. Perlakuan pupuk kandang dengan dosis 1250 g/polybag memberikan respon pertumbuhan terbaik terhadap diameter, jumlah daun, berat berat kering tajuk, berat kering total dan nisbah tajuk akar pada bibit tanjung.

Kata kunci: dosis, pertumbuhan, pupuk kandang ayam, semai tanjung, tanah ultisol

Studi Karakteristik Kimia Tanah Pada Berbagai Kelerengan di Lahan Agroforestri Berbasis Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)

Sat, 28 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted on agarwood agroforestry land (Aquilaria malaccensis) in Muaro Pijoan Village, Muaro Jambi Regency, which has an ultisol soil type with a land slope of 3,33% and 7,27%. Agarwood was planted at a distance of 2 x 3 meters on an area of 2 hectares since 2007. Analysis was conducted on various soil chemical properties such as pH, C-Organic, N, P, and K and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in three locations with different slopes. Results showed that soil pH at the study sites ranged from 4-4,05, indicating very high acidity, while C-Organic and CEC contents were low. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents also varied based on slope, potentially affecting agarwood growth. The highest increments in diameter (0,945 cm/year) and height (0,552 m/year) were observed on land with a 7,27% slope. These findings indicate the importance of soil chemistry and slope in supporting agarwood productivity in ultisol agroforestry.

Keywords: agarwood, nutrient elements, organic carbon, pH

ABSTRAK.

Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan agroforestry berbasis gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) di Desa Muaro Pijoan, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, yang memiliki jenis tanah ultisol dengan kemiringan lahan 3,33% dan 7,27%. Gaharu ditanam pada jarak 2 x 3 meter di lahan seluas 2 hektar sejak tahun 2007. Analisis dilakukan terhadap berbagai sifat kimia tanah seperti pH, C-Organik, N, P, dan K serta Kapasitas Tukar Kation KTK) di tiga lokasi dengan kemiringan berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah di lokasi penelitian berkisar pada 4-4,05, menunjukkan tingkat keasaman yang sangat tinggi, sementara kandungan C-Organik dan KTK tergolong rendah. Kandungan nitrogen dan fosfor juga bervariasi berdasarkan kemiringan lahan, yang berpotensi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan gaharu. Riap diameter dan tinggi tanaman gaharu tertinggi ditemukan pada lahan dengan kemiringan 7,27%, dengan riap diameter tahunan rata-rata sebesar 0,945 cm/tanaman/tahun dan riap tinggi sebesar 0,552 m/tanaman/tahun. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya sifat kimia tanah dan kemiringan lahan dalam mendukung produktivitas tanaman gaharu di agroforestri ultisol.

Kata kunci: gaharu, unsur hara, karbon organic, pH

Nilai Kepentingan Budaya Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Obat Masyarakat Desa Teluk Rendah Ilir Kabupaten Tebo

Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is a country with a high biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Fertile soil, a supportive climate, and flora diversity are significant potential for producing natural-based medicines. The use of plants in traditional medicine has long been practiced by various ethnic groups or communities across Indonesia. One way to document the use and interaction of communities with plants is through ethnobotanical studies. Quantitative ethnobotanical studies analyze plant species that hold significance for communities, aiming to support the valuation of useful plant diversity from both social and economic perspectives. This study focuses on identifying important plant species, particularly medicinal plants, that play a vital role in the lives of the people in Teluk Rendah Village, Tebo Ilir Subdistrict, Tebo Regency. The use of medicinal plants has been a long-standing tradition among the residents of Teluk Rendah Ilir Village, Tebo Ilir Subdistrict, Tebo Regency. The study was conducted from September to October 2020 in Teluk Rendah Ilir Village, Tebo Ilir Subdistrict, Tebo Regency. This research is descriptive-quantitative, employing survey methods, in-depth interviews, and quantitative analysis using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). A total of 65 species from 35 families were identified as medicinal plants utilized by the community. The ICS results indicated two medicinal plants with the highest scores: Zingiber officinale with an ICS value of 60 and Citrus aurantifolia with an ICS value of 54. Plants with moderate ICS values included 7 species, while 39 species were categorized as low, and 17 species were categorized as very low.

Keywords: ethnobotany, ICS (Index of Cultural Significance), medicinal plants

ABSTRAK

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumberdaya hayati, termasuk tumbuhan obat. Kesuburan tanah, iklim yang mendukung, serta keanekaragaman flora yang melimpah menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki potensi sebagai penghasil obat-obatan dari bahan alam. Penggunaan tumbuhan dalam pengobatan tradisional telah lama dilakukan oleh berbagai suku atau etnis di Indonesia. Salah satu cara pendokumentasian penggunaan dan interaksi masyarakat dengan tumbuhan adalah dengan studi etnobotani. Studi etnobotani kuantitatif dengan menganalisis jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang penting bagi masyarakat dilakukan untuk mendukung upaya valuasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan berguna baik dari nilai sosial dan ekonominya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan khususnya tumbuhan obat yang penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Desa Teluk Rendah Kecamatan Tebo Ilir Kabupaten Tebo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Index Nilai Budaya dari tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Desa Teluk Rendah Ilir Kabupaten Tebo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey dan wawancara in-depht interview dan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan analisis nilai kepentingan budaya (Index of Cultural Significanse/ICS). Terdapat sebanyak 65 spesies dari 35 famili yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat oleh masyarakat Desa Teluk Rendah Illir. Nilai Index Cultural Significance (ICS) menunjukkan 2 jenis tumbuhan obat dengan nilai ICS tertinggi, yaitu Zingiber officinale (jahe merah) dengan nilai ICS sebesar 60 dan Citrus aurantifolia (jeruk nipis) dengan nilai ICS sebesar 54. Tumbuhan dengan dengan nilai ICS kategori moderat/sedang sebanyak 7 spesies, kategori rendah sebanyak 39 spesies dan kategori sangat rendah sebanyak 17 spesies.

Kata kunci: etnobotani, ICS (Index of Cultural Significance), tumbuhan obat