Persistent Mycorrhizal Colonization and Inorganic Fertilizer Effects on Morphological Traits of Liberica Coffee on Ultisol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/proca.v2i3.59993Keywords:
Acidic Soils, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Nutrient Management, Phosphorus Uptake, Sustainable AgricultureAbstract
Background: Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) has considerable potential for cultivation on Ultisols, which are widely distributed across Indonesia. However, acidic soil pH, low cation-exchange capacity, and limited phosphorus availability restrict nutrient uptake and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve phosphorus uptake, water-use efficiency, and plant tolerance to environmental stress. Although mycorrhizal inoculation has been shown to promote the early growth of Liberica coffee, its long-term effectiveness under field conditions remains unclear. Objective: This study evaluated the interaction between mycorrhizal status and reduced inorganic fertilizer rates to support efficient and sustainable growth of Liberica coffee. Methods: A factorial randomized complete block design was used, consisting of two mycorrhizal treatments, namely non-inoculated (m0) and inoculated (m1), and six inorganic fertilizer rates ranging from 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the recommended dose. Observations included increases in plant height and stem diameter, number of leaves, number of primary branches, and mycorrhizal colonization. Results: Mycorrhizal status and inorganic fertilizer rate affected the morphological growth of Liberica coffee in Ultisol. Plants inoculated one year earlier maintained better growth, indicating that the mycorrhizal association remained functional after one year under field conditions. The best morphological growth of mycorrhizal plants was obtained at 60–80% of the recommended fertilizer dose, whereas non-mycorrhizal plants achieved their highest growth at 100%. Conclusion: Established mycorrhizal colonization remained effective in supporting Liberica coffee growth in Ultisol and enabled a 20–40% reduction in inorganic fertilizer without compromising morphological growth.References
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