Extractive Economics and the Environment: An Evaluation of the Role of Mineral Mines on Regional Deforestation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/proca.v2i3.59991Keywords:
Deforestation, Extractive Economy, Geo-Map Orange Data Mining, Mineral Mining, Panel Data AnalysisAbstract
Background: Mineral mining plays a major role in Indonesia’s economy, but it also places considerable pressure on forest ecosystems, creating a paradox between extractive economic growth and environmental sustainability. Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of the mineral mining sector on deforestation in Indonesia. Methods: A quantitative approach was applied using panel data from 34 provinces over the period 2020–2024. Independent variables included the mining sector’s GDP, population, the Human Development Index (HDI), and dummy variables for the presence of metal and non-metal mines. Data were analyzed using a Random Effects Model, decision tree analysis, and geo-map visualization. Results: Mining GDP and HDI had a positive and significant influence on deforestation, while population and metal mines showed no significant effect. Non-metallic mineral mines had the strongest impact on increased deforestation, and provinces with high mining productivity spatially tended to experience wider forest destruction. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of integrating extractive economic policies with environmental protection so that development does not come at the expense of ecological sustainability.References
Anisa, N., Ekonomi, F., Bisnis, D., & Palangka, U. (2023). Eksternalitas Kegiatan Penambang Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) Terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Dan Lingkungan (Studi Kasus Di Kelurahan Kameloh Baru Kecamatan Sabangau Kota Palangka Raya). 9(2), 28–38.
Asnawi, Bachri, N., & Roni, M. (2024). Vector autoregressive model: to analyze the influence of the agriculture, mining and quarrying sectors on local revenues. Mineral Economics, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-024-00448-9
Aurellia, A., Lestari, D., Novitasari, E. P., Melani, L. A., Saputro, M. A., Sulthon, M. W., Fikri, A., & Yusuf, M. (2021). Optimalisasi Potensi Wisata Lembah Cinta Dan Umkm Di Desa Gajah Sebagai Strategi Pemulihan Dari Keterpurukan Optimization of Potential Tourism of Love and Small and Medium Micro Enterprises ( Umkm ) in Gajah Village As a Recovery Strategy From Due To the. Journal of Public Service, 5(1), 151–157.
Consolee, K. T., James, A., Kalonji, A., & Luan, X. (2025). Challenges and Threats Facing Gorilla beringei graueri in Kahuzi-Biega National Park and Conservation Strategies.
Czech, L., Huerta-cepas, J., & Stamatakis, A. (2017). A Critical Review on the Use of Support Values in Tree Viewers and Bioinformatics Toolkits. 34(6), 1535–1542. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx055
Dunlap, A. (2018). The ‘solution’ is now the ‘problem:’ wind energy, colonisation and the ‘genocide-ecocide nexus’ in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. International Journal of Human Rights, 22(4), 550–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2017.1397633
Eddy, S., Milantara, N., Sasmito, S. D., & Kajita, T. (2021). Anthropogenic Drivers of Mangrove Loss and Associated Carbon Emissions in South Sumatra , Indonesia.
Flórez, M. F., Linares, J. F., Carrillo, E., Mendes, F. M., & de Sousa, B. (2022). Proposal for a Framework to Develop Sustainable Tourism on the Santurbán Moor, Colombia, as an Alternative Source of Income between Environmental Sustainability and Mining. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148728
Gasni, D., & Mulyadi, I. H. (2022). Effect of Extracting Method of Coconut Oils on Tribological Properties As Bio-Based Lubricant. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 20(3), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-32294
Hacıalioğlu, N., & Türkoğlu, N. (2026). Emerging Infectious Diseases Preventive Health Behavior ( EID-PHB ) scale : Turkish validity and reliability study.
Hasibuan, E. Y., & Rukiah. (2023). Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Kemiskinan terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Sumatera Utara. PROFJES : Profetik Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 2(1), 626–642.
Hidayat, M. J., Hadi, A. F., & Anggraeni, D. (2018). Analisis regresi data panel terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia ( IPM ) Jawa Timur tahun 2006-2015. 18, 69–80.
Komasi, H., Zolfani, S. H., Prentkovskis, O., & Skačkauskas, P. (2022). Urban Competitiveness: Identification and Analysis of Sustainable Key Drivers (A Case Study in Iran). Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137844
Li, P., Zhao, Z., Wang, W., Wang, T., Hu, N., Wei, Y., Sun, Z., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Liu, Q., Yang, S., Gong, J., Xiao, X., Liu, Y., Shi, Y., Peng, R., Lu, Q., & Yuan, Y. (2024). Genome ‑ wide analyses of member identification , expression pattern , and protein – protein interaction of EPF / EPFL gene family in Gossypium. BMC Plant Biology, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05262-7
Lieu, P. T., & Ngoc, B. H. (2023). The relationship between economic diversification and carbon emissions in developing countries. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 15(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v15i1.747
Marame, N., David, N., & Bolay, M. (2023). Artisanal Exploitation of Mineral Resources : Remote Sensing Observations of Environmental Consequences , Social and Ethical Aspects. Surveys in Geophysics, 44(1), 225–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-022-09740-1
Meutia, A. A., Bachriadi, D., & Gafur, N. A. (2023). Environment Degradation, Health Threats, and Legality at the Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining Sites in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186774
Parsch, C., Wagner, B., Engert, J. E., Panjaitan, R., Laurance, W. F., Nitschke, C. R., & Kreft, H. (2025). Forecasting deforestation and carbon loss across New Guinea using machine learning and cellular automata. Science of the Total Environment, 970(September 2024), 178864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178864
Petrova, Y. A. (2023). Ecological intelligence and youth value orientations towards innovation in achieving sustainable development goals. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 8(2), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2023.02.10
Pratiwi, Narendra, B. H., Siregar, C. A., Turjaman, M., Hidayat, A., Rachmat, H. H., Mulyanto, B., Suwardi, Iskandar, Maharani, R., Rayadin, Y., Prayudyaningsih, R., Yuwati, T. W., Prematuri, R., & Susilowati, A. (2021). Managing and reforesting degraded post-mining landscape in Indonesia: A review. Land, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060658
Punia, A., & Kumar, S. (2025). Concurrence of mining and climate change : environmental implications and mitigation strategies. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02556-z
Ramadhany, N., Kebijakan, P., Bandung, I. T., & No, J. G. (2023). Laju Deforestasi Hutan Akibat Aktivitas Pertambangan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. 7, 10–19.
Ranjan, A. K., & Gorai, A. K. (2024). Assessment of global carbon dynamics due to mining-induced forest cover loss during 2000–2019 using satellite datasets. Journal of Environmental Management, 371(November). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123271
Sabdaningsih, A., Adyasari, D., Suryanti, S., Febrianto, S., & Eshananda, Y. (2023). Environmental legacy of aquaculture and industrial activities in mangrove ecosystems. Journal of Sea Research, 196(July), 102454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2023.102454
Shi, L., Han, L., Yang, F., & Gao, L. (2019). The Evolution of Sustainable Development Theory: Types, Goals, and Research Prospects. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(24), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247158
Suryani, D. A., Purwanto, P., Purnaweni, H., & Yuniningsih, T. (2023). Sustainability of Rural Ecotourism. In I. R.R., H. null, & W. B. (Eds.), E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 448). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344803048
Syukri, M., Akbar, A., Apriyanto, A., Djemma, U. A., & Djemma, U. A. (2024). Modelling and mapping the poverty levels with applied spatial regression model in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia Keyword s. 11(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.18488/35.v11i1.3608
Warsito, T. (2020). Produktivitas Sebagai Penentu Disparitas Pendapatan Antar Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(3), 938–956. https://journal.stiemb.ac.id/index.php/mea/article/view/525
Widjanarko, A. P., & Gultom, Y. M. L. (2024). A Changing Landscape: Exploring the Relationship between Clean and Clear Status Policy, Coal Mining, and Deforestation. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 30(1), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.30.1.96
Zhu, D., Li, Q., Yan, B., Zhang, Z., & Li, Y. (2024). Ecological Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal in an Abandoned Mining Area, a Case Study of Liaoyang Pyrite Mining Area in China: Implications for the Environmental Remediation of Mine Sites. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33(2), 1965–1980. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/173110
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published with license by LPPM Universitas Jambi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0 International). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator.
