Comparative Analysis of Metal Composition in Ultisol Soil and Swallow Guano as Nutrient Sources for Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica) Seedlings Based on XRF and Web-Based Cloud Machine Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/proca.v2i2.55597Keywords:
Ultisol, Liberica Coffee, Swiftlet Manure, XRF (X-ray Fluorescence), Soil FertilityAbstract
Ultisol soils are widely used as planting media in humid tropical regions of Indonesia but are constrained by advanced weathering, high aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) contents, and low natural fertility. These conditions limit nutrient availability during the nursery stage of Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica), which requires intensive nutrient supply for early growth. This study aimed to characterize the chemical properties of Ultisol using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and to evaluate the potential of swiftlet manure as an organic nutrient source. XRF analysis showed that Ultisol was dominated by silicate minerals (Si 57.24%) with high Al (22.1%) and Fe (12.21%) and very low total nitrogen (0.08%). Swiftlet manure contained very high nitrogen (11.39%) and available phosphorus (210.71 ppm), indicating strong potential to alleviate nutrient deficiencies. However, it was low in base cations, particularly calcium (0%) and potassium (0.42%). Therefore, swiftlet manure is most effective when combined with inorganic fertilizers to achieve balanced nutrition. This study highlights the value of local organic resources for improving seedling quality on marginal soils.
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